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Chapter 6: Neurotransmitter Systems (Exam 1) (Three classes of…
Chapter 6: Neurotransmitter Systems (Exam 1)
Three classes of neurotransmitters
Amines
Catecholamines (Dopamine, norepinephrine, epineprhine)
Packaged into vesicles after synthesis by vesicular monoamine transporter
(VMAT)
Actions terminated by sodium-dependent transporters (DAT, NET)
Metabolized in Cytosol by MAO and COMT
Serotonin
Synthesized from Tryptophan
Tryptophan hydroxylase converts it. to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)
2 forms of hydroxylase gene- TPH2 in brain, and TPH1 in gut, pineal gland
Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) converts 5-HTP to 5-HT
Peptides
Amino Acids
Acetylcholine fits none of these three
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Moved into vesicles via vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT)
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) breaks down ACh after release into synaptic cleft
Products of this are choline and acetate
Leftover choline is recycled
myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies against muscle cholinergic receptors are produced
Formed from Choline + Acetyl CoA -> Catalyzed by Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT)
Dale's Principle: A neuron has only one transmitter (false)
Transporters (two types)
Membrane transporters (Co-transport with Na)
Vesicular Transporters (Counter-transport 'spending' hydrogen)
Use ionic gradients as source of energy