Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Radioactivity
Radioactivity
-
Uses
Medical Uses - Cobalt-60 is used in radiotherapy, Weak Radioactive salts (Radio- Sodium Chloride, Radio - Iron), are used as tracers
Scientific Uses - Carbon-14 is used in Carbon Dating, Certain salts are used as tracers in plants to study fertilizer and nutrient intake
Industrial Uses - It is used as fuel in nuclear power plants. It is used to remove accumulated charge on machine parts, beta particles are used to check the thickness of paper, cardboard, plastics during their manufacture
Radioactivity is the process of spontaneous emmision of alpha, beta and gamma particles during disintegration of a radioactive substance
It is a nuclear change- Only nucleons are involved not orbital electrons, Lot of energy is released, physical and chemical changes do not affect it.
It is a random phenomenon as there is no law or any way to predict which atom is going to disintegrate.
Background Radiations - They are radiations that we are all exposed to even in the absence of an actual Radioactive substance
Internal Sources - K-40, C-14,
External Sources - Cosmic Radiations, Naturally occuring Radon-222
-
Beta Particles - They are electrons emitted form the nucleus of an atom due to conversion of a neutron in to a proton and an electron
Ionising power -Medium
Penetrating Power - Medium
Speed - Of the order 10^8 (Less than 3*10^8)
Biological Damage - Medium
Charge - Negatively Charged
-
-
Nuclear Fission - It is the process in which a heavy nucleus splits into two nuclei of nearly the same size along with production of energy
-
1 a.m.u = 931 MeV
Energy produced in nuclear fusion and fission is due to loss in mass of the product nuclei compared to the reactant nuclei
Based on Einsteins Mass, Energy Relationship
Nuclear Fusion - It is the process in which two light nuclei combine to form a heavy nucleus along with formation of energy
Only Possible at high temperature and High Pressure to break the electrostatic force of attraction of the combining atoms
-
Sources of Radioactive radiations - Radioactive fall out form nuclear plants. Nuclear Waste, Cosmic Radioations
Proton - Charge(+1.610^-16 C), Mass(1.67 10^-27 kg)
Neutron - Charge(-) , Mass(1.67 10^-27 kg)
Electon - Charge(+1.610^-16 C), Mass(9.1*10-31 kg)
-
Isotopes are atoms of the same element having same Atomic Number different Mass Number
Eg. : Protium, Deuterium, Tritium
Isobars are atoms of different elements having different atomic number but same mass number.
If the proton and neutron valures get interchanged they are called mirror isobars.
Isotones are atoms of the different elements having different number of protons but same number of neutrons.