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Determinants of Endurance Performance (The sub 2-h marathon project (VO2…
Determinants of Endurance Performance
Endurance Performance
Determinants
Muscle Fibre Distribution
Fast twitch
Type IIa Fibers
Type IIb Fibers
Type IIx Fibers
Slow twitch
Type I Fibers
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)
Highest rate of oxygen consumption attainable during maximal or exhaustive exercise
VO2 max a plateau...you don’t always see it. Highest point
Trained VS Untrained
Absolute & Relative
Absolute: L∙min-1
Relative: ml ∙kg ∙min-1
VO2 = Q x a - vO2 difference
Cardiac Output (Q)
VO2 = Q x a-vO2 difference
Cardiac Output (Q) = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
Lactate and ventilatory thresholds
Economy
Exercise economy = Energy required (usually measured as oxygen consumption) to maintain a constant velocity of movement.
Assess
Assessing performance or physiology?
Performance is a direct measure, mostly done using field-based tests
Every 6-8 weeks...
Physiological variables are indirect indices of performance (‘
predictors
’ of performance), mainly performed in a laboratory setting
3 times a year...
Endurance can be defined as the capacity to sustain a given velocity or power output for the longest possible time.
Arteriovenous O2 difference
a - vO2 difference
The difference between O2 in the arterial and venous blood
Gives an indication of O2 uptake
Capillarization
Increased size & number of mitochondria?
Increased enzymes?
Lactate thresholds
Ventilatory thresholds
Similar to Lactate thresholds
Identified using a variety of methods but all using information from
gas analysis
systems of O2, CO2 & VE
Lactate / Ventilatory thresholds
Succesful endurance performance:
Lactate or ventilatory thresholds at high % VO2max
Ability to sustain high % of VO2max for long time
Other factors
Pacing & Timing
Technical & Tactical factors
The sub 2-h marathon project
VO2 max
Thresholds
Economy
Incremental exercise testing
You can assess
VO2max
Exercise economy
Lactate and ventilatory thresholds