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Migration (Economic Benefits from Cross-Border Migration (Reducing skilled…
Migration
Economic Benefits from Cross-Border Migration
Reducing skilled-labour shortages in growth industries
Complement labour
A driver of innovation and entrepreneurship
Making a country attractive to FDI
Pressure on government to reform
Income flows (remittances)
Fresh skills
Tax revenue
Multiplier effects
Greater pool of workers increases productive potential
Factors affecting migration
The impact of satellite television and the internet in changing people's expectations
The effects of cheaper trans-national phone calls and more affordable air travel and coach travel for example within the European Union
The unwillingness of people within the domestic economy to take certain jobs such as porters, cleaners and petrol attendants
A desire to travel, learn a new language, build new skills and qualifications and develop networks
Employment opportunities vary between nations, in particular for younger workers
Access to the benefits system of host countries plus state education, housing & health care
Differences between in wages for equivalent jobs
A desire to escape repression and corruption in the country of origin especially in failing states
Disadvantages of inward migration
Domestic worker displacement
Substitute labour
Benefit claims
Who really gains? Business owners
Social pressures
Poverty and exploitation of migrant workers
Pressure on public services
Pressue on property prices
Brain drains from the migrants home countries
The benefit of migration to the UK economy depends on...
the ease with which they assimilate into a new country and whether they find regular jobs.
Whether a rise in labour migration stimulates capital spending by firms and by government.
the types of people who choose to migrate
Skills
Personal qualities
Whether workers who come into a country decide to stay in the longer term or whether they regard migration as essentially a temporary exercise (e.g. to gain qualifications, learn some English) before moving back to their country of origin
whether migrants create dynamic effects such as innovation
Context
Polish, Indian and Irish are the largest group of migrants to the UK as of 2015
Companies created by migrants (1st and 2nd generation)
Google
Apple
Ebay
Estimates from 2012 suggest 1 million Chinese live in Africa
200 million people live in countries where they were not born