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Peri-anal disease (Haemorrhoids (piles) (Diagnosis (Abdominal examination,…
Peri-anal disease
Haemorrhoids (piles)
Main causes: constipation, diarrhoea, effects of gravity due to posture, anal intercourse or from a pelvic tumour
Pathophysiology: The veins and arteries in the anus have an increased anal tone meaning that they become bulky and protrude. They become vulnerable to trauma and can bleed very easily from the underneath capillaries. Blood loss is therefore bright red. Painles. The protrusions happen through the anus and become more congested and hypertrophy
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Definition: disrupted and dilated anal cushions (masses of spongy vascular veins and arteries). This happens due to swollen veins around the anus :
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Treatment: 1st- increase fluid and fibre intake, that doesn't work use a rubber band ligation that is used to anchor the mucosa and prevent bleeding then you can use surgery this excision of the piles
Anal fistula
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Main causes: perianal sepsis, abscesses, Crohns , TB and rectal carcinoma
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Presentation: pain, discharge (bloody/mucus), pruritus ani and systemic abscess that can become infected
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Pilonidal sinus/abscess
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Pathophysiology
Ingrowing of hair follicles. Leads to inflammation and irritation. Foul smelling discharge is produced
Epidemiology
Hair follicles get stuck under the skin in the natal cleft (butt crack). This causes inflammation and irritation. Likelihood of infection increases
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