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Introduction to Major Movements in Western Dramatic Literature…
Introduction to Major Movements in Western Dramatic Literature
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Classic Western Theatre
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Greek Theatre
Origins in Religious Ceremonies and Ritual
Theatre Festivals
Aristotle writes the essay "Poetics" giving standard rules to theatre and poetry
Aristotillian Unities
Unity of Place
Unity of Action
Unity of Time
Democracy in Action: Audience voted best Play
Exaggerated Masks and Gestures were used to help tell the story
Major Forms
Tragedy
Must have Magnitude and effect the Society as a whole
Revolves around the Fall from Grace of the Protagonist
"Tragic Flaw" - Harmartia- A choice to pass the point of no return
The protagonist is trying to do the right thing which leads to their downfall
Protagonist must be in a position of status and power
Unhappy ending that could have been avoided
Chorus represents the voice of the common people
Comedy
Revolves around A Blunder or Ugliness in society
Inuendo
No Seious Consequence- Happy Ending
Political Commentary
Reducto Absurdum
Satyr Play
Low Brow Humor
Sexual/ Bawdy
Satire of Important Institutions
Great Playwrights and Famous works
Sophocles
Theban Plays
Ajax
Elctra
Euripides
Sysophis
Hecuba
The Trojan Women
Medea
The Bacchae
Aeschylus
The Persians
The Oresteia Trilogy
Aristophanes
The Birds
The Frogs
Lysistrata
Roman Theatre
Great Playwrights and Works
Plautus
Miles Gloriosus
The Menaechmi
Pseudolus
Seneca
Medea
Phaedra
Livius Andronicus
Oduisa
Major Forms Heavily Inspired by Greek Stories
Used Greek Plots and Characters but used Roman Names
Tragedy
Bloodier and More Violent than Greek Originals
Chorus in Action
Comedy
Prominent Chorus
Stock Characters
Elizabethen Theatre
1540-1644
Strong Social Structure
Audience was made of all classes
Rich Sat in 3 Levels of Galleries
Poor: The Groundlings stood in front of the stage
Nobility Sat in Galleries close to the stage
Ends in 1644 with the Puritans shutting down the theaters
Travelling Troupes of Actors would go to a city based on the patronage of a Nobleman
All Actors were men Young Boys played female roles
Notable Playwrights and Works
William Shakespeare
Tragedies
12
Histories
11
Comedies
14
Ben Jonson
Volpone
The Alchemist
Christopher Marlowe
Tragedy of Dr. Faustus
Jew of Malta
Dido, Queen of Carthage
Famous Playhouses
The Rose
The Swan
Curtain Theatre
The Globe
The Theatre
Black Friar's Theatre
Playhouses often closed due to disease or fire
Famous Playing Companies
Lord Chamberlain's Men
Admiral's Men
The King's Men
Theatre of the Middle Ages
500-1500AD
Church comes to Power and Pagan influenced drama was replaced by Litergical Dramas
Common Types of Drama
Morality Plays
Mystery Plays
Liturgical Drama
Masques
Actors were considered low class and travelled town to town
Travelled and Performed on Pageant Wagons
Renaissance Theatre
1400s-1700s
Italian Commedia delle "Arte
Stories are created from Situational Routine known as Lazzi
Dialogue would be Improvized by actors playing Stock Characters
Actors wore distinct Costumes and Masks for Stock Characters
They used a "Slap Stick" to create a compical sound for physical comedy of violent acts
Dottore
Pantelone
Capitano
Zanni
Arrlequino
Columbina
Innamorati
English Restoration Theatre
After 18 Years of theaters being closed by Puritan Rule, they re-opened in 1660
Females could finally perform on the English Stage
Restoration Comedies often revolved around the love lives of young Aristocrats
They tended to be filled with sexual innuendo and bawdy comedy
Sentimental Comedy came out of resistance to the comedy revolving around sinful acts
Spanish Golden Age
Extremely Large Volume of plays produced
plays enjoyed aristocrats and lower classes
Famous Playwrights
Lope de Vega
Calderon de la Barca
Juan del Encina
Lope de Rueda
Many Genres and Styles
Comedies were performed in "Corrales"
Literature such as El Cid and Don Quixote were written at this time of flourishing literature
French Baroque Theatre
Neo-Classical Theatre
1800s
Modern Theatre Movements
1800-1960
Contemporary Theatre
1970- Modern Day