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The Industrial Revolution (Industrial Revolution (was (technological…
The Industrial
Revolution
Industrial Revolution
was
technological advances
Agriculture
became less
important
than industry
industrial capitalism emerged.
be a revolution
it affected every
sector of the economy
It
is considered
The class based society
End of the 18th
new form of
social organisation
class-based society
THE ORIGINS OF THE CLASS-BASED
SOCIETY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
CLASS-BASED SOCIETY
People's class determined
by their wealth
society was more open
equal before the law.
Society divided
The middle class
civil servants
small-scale merchants
farmers who cultivated
The working class
working class
industrial workers
peasants
The upper class
the wealthy bourgeoisie
the nobility
The working-class movement
INDUSTRIAL WORKING CONDITIONS
Working class:
living conditions.
terrible working
conditions
worked
14 and 16 hours a day.
Child labour
Wages too low
Lack of safety and hygiene
Workers had no rights.
not have
right to protest or
strike
Wealthy bourgeoisie:
higher standards
THE ORIGINS OF WORKING-CLASS POLITICS
protests against the factory owners
Great Britain began to organise
Trade unions (1830s):
Chartist movement (1838–1848):
Luddites (1811):
demands:
A ban on child labour
Political reforms
Better safety and hygiene
Freedom of association
Shorter working days
The right to strike
Higher wages
Universal manhood suffrage
MPs be property owners
representation in Parliament
Revolutionary ideologies
Marxism
Class struggle
gain political power.
dictatorship of the working classes
The communist economy:
private property(capitalism)
would be
abolished.
and without classes.
Society would be equal
The communist society:
class-based society would disappear
Anarchism
developed
Pierre Joseph Prudhon
best-known advocate
Mikhail Bakunin
Main principles:
Abolition of private property
Individual freedom
Direct action
The International
leaders of workers' organisations
from various
European countries
began to meet
First International
London in 1864.
encourage the collective ownership
coordinate workers' action
1876 the First International
dissolved due to the various
disagreements
Second International:
Paris in 1889.
Only included socialist parties,
dissolved
First World War began
1914.