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Research (The Sustainable Design Book ("What constitutes sustainable…

- - - - Innovative material, consiting of 100% recycled and recyclable aluminum. As a result of an oxidation process, it takes on a complex, shimmering texture, which creates unique reflections, variations and nuances in the material.
      - Available as tiles or panels 3mm (1/8 in) and 5mm (1/4 in) thick, it is suitable for both interior and exterior architecture. It is also strong, lightweight and resistent to bending and abrasion.
      - Available in a wide variety of colors, with both gloss and satin finishes. It can be used to create tiled walls, doors, railings, handles, and furniture, as well as providing a functional element in the design of kitchen worktops. It has also been used successfully in the marine, automotive and jewelry industries.
      - Can be recycled entirely pre- and post- consumption.
    - - Clayworks Clay Plaster is a high-performance wall finish available in a wide selection of beautiful soft colors. The material aspires to replace the use of gypsums and paints while exceeding all forseeable environmental building regulations. Made in Cornwall, England, from unfired clays and sands, the finished product takes 85% less energy to cvreate than gypsum plaster but can be composted, is non-toxic and conatins no added chemicals.
      - Unfired clay can absorb and desorb indoor humidity faster than any other building material , and will regulate relative interior humidity between 40 and 70%, the level at which the likelihood of airborne infectious bacteria and viruses surviving is lowest. It also prevents building materials from emitting toxins such as formaldehyde, and helps prevent the occurrence of mold.
    - - Durat is a unique plyester-based, solid-surface material from Finland with a wide range of applications. It contains about 30% recycled post-industrial plastic, granulated into tiny pieces, giving the material a distinctive speckled texture. The finished product is itself 100% recyclable, meaning that any waste material generated can be put right back into the production line.
      - As the name suggests, it is extremely durable and resistant to wear, humidity and chemicals. These qualities make it ideal for use in home bathrooms and kitchens, as well as restaurants, ships, hospitals, and even laboratories. It can be cut, shaoed and glued just like wood and the whole surface can even be renewed by light sanding.
      - As well as providing this raw material in a range of more than 70 colors, the company also offer a selection of geometric, minimalist ready-made items such as shower trays, sinks, tables, and seating.
    - - While visiting a tannery outside Bergen in Norway, Lars Beller Fjetland was struck by seeing a pile of discarded leather, thrown away because it did not meet the demands of perfection required by luxury brands. Any slight discoloration, insect bites or other scarring was enough for the hides to be considered unusable. THe designer's frustration with this situation went on to inspire his Link series, a range of luxury products created exclusively from scrapped leather.
      - An intuitive linking technique allows the unlimited joining of pre-cut leather scraps to create a range of products - from pillows and beanbags to daybeds and lounge chairs. The resulting material is strong, versatile and ventilated, offering a distinctive and sophisticated solution to waste reduction.
    - - During her studies at the Design Academy Eindhoven in 2003, Mieke Meijer thought it would be interesting to reverse the process of turning wood into paper, and turn paper into wood again.
      - The material can be cut, milled and sanded, and generally treated like any other type of wood. When a NewspaperWood log is cut, the layers of paper appear like lines of wood grain, mimicking the aesthetic of real wood.
      - The material is free of solvents and plasticizers, making it easy to recycle. This not only allows the option of putting sawing and sandpapering waste back into the cycle, but also taking NewspaperWood products to the scrapyard for recycling.
      - Not intended to be a large-scale alternative to wood, but rather to promote upcycling - demonstrating how a surplus of material can be changed into something more valuable by using it in a different context
  - - - Havearest: Cardboard
        
        All of A4Adesign's products are made from 100% recycled and recyclable honeycomb cardboard, chosen not only for its eco credentials but also because it is strong, lightweight and offers great value for money. The finished product costs less than similar products made from other materials, and the entire manufacturing process is better value, from assembly, which requires no specific skills, to eventual disposal.
        
        The Havearest series of armchairs and two-seater sofas are assembled from cardboard and water-based glue. It is surprisingly strong and is aimed at the retail, events and contract sectors because it comes into its own in large space that make the most of the geometric silhouette and scenographic potential.
      - T-Cup: Wood (stools)
        
        The round, flat surface of the T-Cup charts the life of a tree by displaying its growth rings and unique grain pattern.
        
        Canadian designer Brent Comber works with reclaimed wood from trees cut down in schoolyards, parks or residences, often because of a damaged root structure. As a result, the wood used in each T-Cup varies.
      - Butter Stool: 100% recycled plastic (HDPE)
        
        The Butter range is created from 100% recycled content, derived almost entirely from post-consumer recycled milk containers. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use, the robustness of the pieces, combined with their textured surface, ensures a long product life. The products' ability to be shipped as flat pieces also reduces their environmental impact during distribution.
        
        DesignByThem also offer a product stewardship program, taking in products to be repaired, reused or recycled. The company believes that good design makes our lives more enjoyable and appreciative of our enevironment, and that design education is crucial for creating a more innovative and sustainable society.
      - 111 Navy Chair: 65% recycled PET, 35% glass fibre
        
        Looking for a way to keep their bottles out of landfills and upcycle them into an iconic structural item, Coca-Cola initiated a collaboration with chair manufacturer Emeco, hoping to address this environmental problem. Emeco responded by creating a plastic version of its iconic 1006 Navy Chair, using this recycled PET plastic to build a tough, one-piece, scratch-resistant design, suitable for heavy-duty use.
        
        The new chair takes its name from the 111 bottles used for its manufacture. Over the course of its production, the 111 Navy Chair is expected to keep 3 million plastic Coke bottles out of landfills each year.
      - The Lollygagger Lounge: Recycled HDPE (milk containers), stainless steel fasteners, brass inserts.
        
        Made from solid, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and is 100% recycled and recyclable. HDPE is used to make milk containers and the Lollygagger contains 312 of them, melted down and repurposed. This means it can be left outdoors all year round and is impervious to damp or rot, ensuring a lengthy, maintenance free life.
        
        If it does get warm outside, there is an integrated bottle opener hidden underneath the right armrest.
    - - Framed is a series of distinctive cupboards, designed by Breg Hanssen together with Dutch interior manufacturer Vij5. This cabinet consists of a solid steel frame, available in a range of sizes and colors, which contrasts with the distinctive neutral color of the planks that completes it.
    - - Windworks is a collection of upholstered furniture pieces in which the wood, upholstery, dyeing and knitting of the yarn are all executed with a free and inexhaustible energy source - the wind.
      - The project makes use of two well-preserved historic windmills in northern Holland, each of which produces a different raw material: De Cat (The Cat) grinds coloring materials, while the sawmill Het Jonge Schaap (The Young Sheep) saws planks from trees to old Dutch measurements. A third windmill - the Wind Knitting Factory - then knits the yarns, and with each harvest, the wood structures are upholstered.
    - - RaFa-kids think of a child's bed as not just a place to sleep, but as a playful and functional element in a room. Both of these beds are designed to encourage play, creativity and beauty while remaining functional and safe.
      - Constructed from sustainably sourced European birch plywood and machined using the latest CNC technology each part is produced with maximum efficiency, in an effort to reduce waste to virtually zero. The beds are finished with two layers of water-based Scandinavian lacquers and flat-packed for efficient transportation. They are non-Toxix, low-VOC and 100% free of hazardous air pollutants.
    - - The Re:composed project focuses on using unrecycled scrapped cars, shredded clothing fabric and agricultural waste as a base for luxurious, premium interior products. These materials are broken down and then reconstituted into a laminate composite. The outer layer has a slick white finish while the interior displays the fibers, speckles, grain and desaturated tones of its individual recycled ingredients.
      - The dual surfaces demonstrate not only what is capable of being recycled, but also just how fresh and sleek those materials can become, worthy of being used in even the most high-end products.
    - - The Box Day Bed is a minimal but comfortable sofa, crafted in sustainable timber by Mark Tuckey. The sofa is available in either FSC-Certified Oak or Douglas Fir, and can be upholstered in any fabric.
      - Tuckey has been making sustainable furniture in Australia for 25 years, having started out by recycling timber picked up from building sites. His company now employs 45 people, but he still believes strongly in using only sustainable plantations or recycled timber to minimize the company's eco footprint in the future. This commitment also extends to remaking and repairing furniture for existing customers to ensure a long life of contented use.
    - - Color Collision is a collection of non-toxic ceramics designed by Kirstie van Noort and Rogier Arents. To achieve unique colors, the pieces are first dyed with red cabbage extracts and then soaked in various liquids with different pH levels.
      - Uniting Van Noort's research into materials and processes with Arents scientific approach, the project hopes to reveal how non-toxic pigments can be used in everyday designs and how simple, natural reactions can lead to striking, original results.
  - - - The low energy LED Manuka light began life as a 2D screen based on leaf shapes, until one of his designers, Amy Lynch, took the design further. By rearranging the shapes, she created the delicate, five pointed shapes reminiscent of the tiny white flower blossoms of the indigenous manuka tree.
      - The Manuka uses a small quantity of sustainably sourced bamboo plywood and poly-carbonate to create a surprisingly large light, although Trubridge is currently testing and exploring plant based plastics to replace the oil-based polycarbonate components.
      - All waste from the factory is sorted and sent to separate recycling facilities, while sawdust is incinerated at a local plant to generate electricity. The Manuka is also designed for easy flat-pack shipping.
  - - - Swedish manufacturer Offecct create products for noisy workplaces, like this sound-absorbing acoustic panel. It is made entirely from recycled PET plastics, but has a tactile, fuzzy surface similar to felt. Although made for practical purpose, the panel has a geometric design in relief, courtesy of Dutch furniture designer Ineke Hans, making it a decorative as well as functional object.
      - Responding to an increase in office noise pollution, the panels help reduce disturbing reflections of background sounds to provide a more tranquil working environment.
- - - - Sun Facing Units
        
        Natural Light
      - Integration with existing Natural Terrain
    - - Private/Public Gardens
      - Water Recycling
      - Plastic Recycling
      - Solar Integration
        
        Standardize Electric Vehicle Parking
    - - Park-like?
      - Quaint?
  - - - Hansaterrasan
        
        Intentional Revitalizing Design
        
        QR Code Gold Balconies & White Walls
        
        Facade drastically different from surrounding developments
        
        Signals Transformation
        
        Built to restore area damaged by WWII
        
        ALL living&dining rooms have a view of the nearby body of water
      - Ulus Savoy Residences
        
        Worked with strict constraints & rigid building conditions
        
        Central City Location
        
        Dynamic Structure
        
        Sheet Design with transforming topography
        
        Daylight: topography allows natural light to enter
        
        Nighttime: illuminates area with parking lights
        
        Blends positive & negative space
        
        Beautiful Facade
        
        Parking given precedence on overall design
        
        Preserve Space
      - Brick Neighborhood
        
        "Clear systematic approach to the organization of 185 dwellings was developed to allow for an array of 17 different apartment types varying in terms of size and internal arrangement to address the different needs of future residents."
        
        Unique Identity
        
        Microstructuring
        
        Convertible Landscape
        
        Beautiful Facade
        
        Five Buildings each with indoor communal area
      - Ganei Shapira - Affordable Housing
        
        Built for the benefit of the community
        
        Government response to "Rothschild Protest" which was partially caused by massive rent increases
        
        In an area where rental fees are nearly no longer affordable
        
        Final design chosen to due to the potential to allow the community to evolve into collegiate neighborhood
        
        Special emphasis given to open communal & green spaces
      - Blue Pool Road
        
        Incredible sense of privacy despite open design
        
        Natural Lighting
        
        "Green" Walls
        
        Main facade inspired by Chinese folding elements
        
        "Double-glazed units with integrated solar sensed blinds & high performance, low emissivity coating were applied, which optimize energy efficiency, enhance the level of solar control to the internal space, and reduce undesirable glare both inside & outside. The rest of the external walls were provided with insulation to reduce heat gain inside the house.
        
        Places high priority on environment --> Entire developing strategy in line with reducing, recycling, reusing and reviving.
        
        Sustainability: materials, water recycling, energy efficient appliances & lighting systems, and ehancement of landscape quality.
    - - Living Leo
        
        From outside looks completely closed off - inside is airy and open
      - XIXI Wetland
        
        Surrounded by water & gardens
        
        High Windows
        
        Natural Light
        
        Relationship between landscape, architecture & water