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ORGAN FAILURE CAUSED BY GEN. EDEMA (CARDIAC FAILURE (MECHANISMS OF EDEMA…
ORGAN FAILURE CAUSED BY GEN. EDEMA
CARDIAC FAILURE
BIVENTRICULAR FAILURE
BACKWARD FAILURE
[+] IN VENOUS PRESSURE BEHIND RV
LV FAILURE
PATHOLOGY
LUNG
CHRONIC PASSIVE VENOUS CONGESTION
PLEURAL EFFUSIONS
PULMONARY EDEMA
SYSTEMIC ORGANS
HYPOPERFUSION
HYPOXIC & ISCHAEMIC SYMPTOMS
INFARCTS
[-] CARDIAC OUTPUT
CHANGES OF SHOCK
FORWARD FAILURE
INADEQUAT OUTPUT BEYOND LV
RV FAILURE
PATHOLOGY
KIDNEYS
CONGESTION
ALTERED BLOOD FLOW WHICH SHUNTS TO MEDULLARY GLOMERULI FOR NA+ RETENTION
DEPENDENT AREAS
ANKLE/SACRAL PITTING EDEMA
SPLEEN
FIBROSIS OF SINUSOIDAL WALLS
SPLEENOMEGALY
BRAIN
HYPOXIA/CONGESTION
LIVER
NUTMEG CONGESTION
CENTRILOBULAR NECROSIS LEADING TO FIBROSIS IF PROLONGED
HEPATOMEGALY
PERITONEUM
ASCITES
SYSTEMIC VENOUS CONGESTION & EDEMA
MECHANISMS OF EDEMA FORMATION
RAAS (RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM)
[+] VENOUS PRESSURE
ATRIAL NATURIUETIC FACTOR DEPLETION
RENAL FAILURE
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE/ GLOMRULONEPHRITIS
NO RENAL PERFUSION
SO NO NA+/WATER LOST IN URINE
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
EDEMA FORMATION MECHANISM
RAAS
SUPERIMPOSED RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS
[+] PROTEIN LOSS IN URINE = [-] OP
PATHOLOGY
PERIORBITAL EDEMA
ASCITES
PITTING EDEMA ON DEPENDENT AREAS
LIVER FAILURE
MECHANISM EDEMA FORMATION
IMPAIRED ALBUMIN SYNTHESIS
[-] RENIN DEGRADATION BY LIVER
FIBROUS SCARRING OBSTRUCTS PORTAL FLOW
RAAS
PATHOLOGY(EFFECT OF DISEASE)
SPLEEN= SPLEENOMEGALY & FIBROSIS OF SINUSOIDAL WALLS
DEPENDENT AREAS = PITTING EDEMA
ASCITES( PLEURAL EFFUSIONS)
HYPOALBUMINAEMIC EDEMA MECHANISM
[-] OP IN PLASMA
FLUID NOT REABSORBED INTO VENOUS CAPILLARY BED
LOW PLASM [ALBUMIN]
FLUID THEREFORE REMAINS IN TISSUES
CAUSES
LIVER FAILURE( [-] ALBUMIN SYNTHESIS)
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME ( EXCESS ALBUMIN IN URINE)
KWASHIORKOR
CEREBRAL EDEMA
BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
CEREBRAL CAPILLARIES
NO FENESTRAE
THICK LAMINA
COMPLETE RING OF TIGHT JUNCTIONS
CLASSIFICATION
VASOGENIC
INFARCT
BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER BREECHED
EXTRACELL. FLUID ACC. MAXIMAL IN WHITE MATTER
HYDROCEPHALIC
FLUID ACC. ADJACENT TO VENTRICLES IN EXTRACELL. SPACE
BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER INTACT
OBSTRUCTED CSF FLOW
CYTOTOXIC
NA+ & WATER ENTER CELLS
INTRACELL. EDEMA MAXIMAL IN CORTEX
BRAIN HYPOXIA
BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER IS INTACT
OTHER
POISON
CONGESTIVE