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Health Effects on Humans from the Consumption of Legalized Cannabis…
Health Effects on Humans from the Consumption of Legalized Cannabis
Health Benefits (Conclusive-Moderate Evidence)
Mental
Improving anxiety symptoms, as assessed by a public speaking test, in individuals with social anxiety disorders
Improving symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (nabilone; one single, small fair-quality trial)
Better cognitive performance among individuals with psychotic disorders and a history of cannabis use
Physical
-For the treatment for chronic pain in adults (cannabis)
-Antiemetics in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (oral cannabinoids)
-For improving patient-reported multiple sclerosis spasticity symptoms (oral cannabinoids)
-Improving short-term sleep outcomes in individuals with sleep disturbance associated with obstructive sleep apnea
syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic pain, and multiple sclerosis (cannabinoids, primarily nabiximols)
Health Disadvantages (Conclusive-Moderate Evidence)
Physical
There is moderate evidence of a statistical association between cannabis smoking and:
• Improved airway dynamics with acute use, but not with chronic use
• Higher forced vital capacity
Incidence of lung cancer (cannabis smoking)
Incidence of head and neck cancers
Worse respiratory symptoms and more frequent chronic bronchitis episodes (long-term cannabis smoking)
Increased risk of motor vehicle crashes
Mental
The impairment in the cognitive domains of learning, memory, and attention
The development of schizophrenia or other psychoses, with the highest risk among the most frequent users
Increased symptoms of mania and hypomania in individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorders (regular cannabis use)
A small increased risk for the development of depressive disorders
Increased incidence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts with a higher incidence among heavier users
Increased incidence of suicide completion
Increased incidence of social anxiety disorder (regular cannabis use)
Short-term effects
confusion
sleepiness (fatigue)
impaired ability to:
remember
concentrate
pay attention
anxiety, fear or panic
reduced ability to react quickly
Long-Term Effects
memory
concentration
intelligence (IQ)
ability to think and make decisions