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Class 3A. Enzyme (Enzyme classes (oxidoreductase (redox reactions),…
Class 3A. Enzyme
Enzyme classes
oxidoreductase
redox reactions
transferase
modification of functional groups
hydrolase
hydrolysis
isomerase
isomerization
ligase
synthesis of new molecule from two or more substrates
lyase
cleavage without hydrolysis
Enzyme regulation
Competitive inhibition
Non-competitive inhibition
Allosteric regulation
Covalent modification
modulation of enzyme synthesis
Cofactors, Vitamins, and Metal ions
Relationship with enzymes
bind enzymes covalently or act like a second substrate
required for physiological function of certain enzymes
Vitamins
Essential nutrients
works as enzymatic cofactors or their precursors
Examples
Non-vitamin cofactors
Examples
Lipoic acid
BH4
Can be made from biosynthetic products
Metal ions
Roles
Examples
What are enzymes?
Proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions
have active sites
active only in specific conformation
only specific substrates are catalyzed
Reversible vs Irreversible Reactions
Reversible reactions
Direction determined by relative conc. of substrates and products
Examples
Irreversible reactions
Release of high-energy bond
Examples
Isozymes
Multiple enzymes for the same reactions
Examples