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Biochemistry (Amino Groups (Amino Acids-One of the many compounds…
Biochemistry
Amino Groups
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Formula- 
Carbonyl Group:Makes a compound hydrophilic and polar-makes a molecule have an unequal distribution of charge
Ketone=
Aldehyde=
Carboxyl Group-Has a hydroxide in one of the R spots and a carbon chain -act as an acid because they are able to donate protons
Hydroxyl Group R-OH, present in alcohol, polar and hydrohilic
Phosphate Group-Vital for cellular energy sources(ATP,ADP,GTP)
Sulfhydryl Group-R-SH Present in mehionine and cysteine, stabilization of proteins
Elements, Compounds and Ions
Sodium is a neutral particle Ion-Atom that has a positive or negative charge Cation-Ions that have a positive charge
Anions-Ions with a negative charge
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Organic Compounds-Compounds that have carbon and sometimes hydrogen
Inorganic Compound-Compound without carbon ot hydrogen
Lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins
Lipids-organic compounds used by cells as long-term energy stores or building blocks, hydrophobic and insoluble in water=contain hydrocarbon tail of CH2S that repels water
Fats-lipids made by combining glycerol and three fatty acids, used for long-term energy, not easily metabolized
Fat Structure-
Saturated Fats-Don't contain double bonds Unsaturated-Contain double bonds, found in plants Fat is formed when three fatty acids connect to the OH groups of a glycerol molecule-bonds formed by dehydration synthesis
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Phospholipid-Lipid formed by combining a glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and aphosphate group, have a hydrophobic tail-hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic tail-phosphate group, major component of cell membranes
Carbohydrates-Can be simple sugars or complex molecules containing multiple sugars, used in energy producing reactions, Have C,H, and O**, 2:1-Hydrogen and Oxygen
Monosaccharide-simple sugar-simplest form of a carbohydrate, ones with 5 carbons are used in compounds such as genetic materials
Glucose-C6H12O6, used for cellular respiration
Disaccharide-sugar consisting of two monosaccharides bound together,
Sucrose-major energy carbohydrate in plants, combination of fructose and glucose
Maltose-combination of two glucose molecules, used in creation of beer
Polysaccharide-Carbohydrate containing three or more monosaccharide molecules, storage form of energy, structural material around cells
Starch-Storage in plants, made of glucose molecules linked together Glycogen-Storage form in animals, mostly found in the liver and muscle cells. formed by many glucose molecules Cellulose-Compound of many glucose molecules, used to form plant cell wall Chitin-Part of exoskeletons of arthropods
Protein-compound composed of chains of amino acids
R=provides amino acid characteristics
Primary Structure-The order of amino acids that make up a protein
Secondary Structure-3D arrangement of a protein caused by hydrogen bonding along the polypeptide backbone
Tertiary Structure-3D arrangement of a protein caused by interaction among various R groups of amino acids involved
Quaternary Structure-Arrangement of a separate polypeptide "sub units" into a single protein-not all proteins have this
fibrous proteins-Proteins with only primary,secondary structures
Globular Proteins-Proteins with primary,secondary and tertiary structures
if there is more than one polypeptide chain=Quaternary structure
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