Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Taxonomy: Branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms…
Taxonomy:
Branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms
sorted into
taxons
group of organisms defined by the classification scheme
Taxon for Domain
Eukarya
has a nucleus
ex. plant, animals, fungus, protoza
Taxon for Kingdom
Animalia
Hetertrophic
multicellular
lacks cell walls
mobile stage in life history
ex. animals: insects, amphibians,
Taxon for Phylum
Chordata
has hollow dorsal nerve chord
notochord
ex. reptiles, dinosaurs
Taxon for Class
Mammalia
hair or fur
young are nourished with mother's milk
ex. bat, bear, deer
Taxon for Order
Primates
vision is most important sense
flattened fingers and nails
live amount trees
ex. chimpanzees, apes, gorillas
Taxon for Family
hominidae
are primates with bipedal location
ex, chumpanzees, humans
Taxon for Genus
homo
homoinid with large brain
Taxon for Species
Homo sapiens
high forehead
prominent chin
reduced body hair
humans
History of Taxonomy
Carl Linnaeus (1707 - 1778)
found binomial nomenclature
he arranged organisms into a hierarchy of larger and more inclusive categories
Domain
1990 Carl Woese proposed this
Domain
all life into one of three
The domain Bacteria
Chlamydia s
parasites that only live in animals
spirochetes
Helicla heterotrophs
internal flagellum
free living and some are pathogeneic
Treponema pallidum
form of sphyilis
Borrelia burgdorfei
Lime diease
Cyanobacteria
photoautrophs that are only prokaryotes with plant like photosynthesis
single cells or filamentous(by not quite separating after division)
organized by a
Dichotomous key
consists to a series of choices that leads the user to the correct name of a given item
many are in a huge phylum called :
Proteobacteria
large and diverse clade of
Gram negative bacteria
Actinomycetes
look fungal like
give soil earthy smell
turberculosis and leprosy
important antibiotics like streptomycin
Bacillus and clostridium
mycoplasma
Gram - : stains pink
Gram +: stains purple
Photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, heterotrophs
are both anaerobic and aerobic species
5 subgroups
Alpha
symbiont with parasites of eukaryotes
Rhizobium
live in legume roots and fix nitrogen
Agrobacterreium
crown gall diease of plants
Rickettsias
Rocky Mountain spotter fever
Mitochondria evolved from here
Beta
diverse group
includes soil bacteria that plays a role in nitrogen recycling
Gamma
Salmonella
food poisioning
Vibrio cholera
cholera (water spread diease)
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
found in human intestine
important research organism
has photosynthetic members
Delta
myxobacteria
form elaborate
Dbellovibrios
predators of other bacteria
Epslion
closely related to Deltas
ex.Helicobacter pylori
The domain Archeaa
prokaryotes
live in extreme environments (extremophiles)
beloved to be representatives of the first living cells
The domain Eukarya
contains eukaryotic organisms
suggested that archaea may be more closely related to eukaryotes than to eubacteria
Kingdom
Protista
Algae
fresh and saltwater
single cells to simple multicellular photosynthesizing organisms
Autotrophs
most have cell walls
Slime molds
are not fungi , but look like fungi
animal and plantlike in morphology
Heterotrophs
Protozoa
a diverse group of single celled creatures that look like animals but are not
includes amoeba, paramecia, etc
are heterotrophs
can cause human diease
have plant and animal- like characteristics
Euglenoids
heterotrophic and autotrophic
Fungi
non photosynthesizing single celled to multicellular organisms
most have cell walls
includes yeast and mycelia organisms (ex,.bread mold, mushroom forming fungi)
some can cause human diease and are important in food preparation
Plantae
complex multicellular photosynthesizing organisms
have cell walls
ex. trees, shrubs, bushes, grasses, moss, ferns( angiosperms and Gymnosperms)
Animalia
all are heterotrophs
complex multicellular organisms of diverse types
no cell walls
characteristics are irritability and movement
can cause human diease
parasitic infections, worms
can act as vectors for other diease causing organisms
bacteria
archaea
Viruses
are not classified by the binomial naming system and do not belong to any of the five kingdoms
are not cellular and are dependent on host cells for replication
classified in 2 different ways
according to the type of diease they cause
according to structure
genetic (DNA OR RNA?)
physical characteristics (shape etc)
Prions
non-cellular non-living infectious agents (small proteins)
do not possess DNA or RNA
Cause
BSE (mad cow diease)
variant CJD
kuru
scrapie
Phylum
4.Class
Order
Family
Genus
ex. In homosapiens , the genus is Homo
Species
ex. in homosapiens, the species is sapiens
viroids
single stranded infectious RNA
All living things (other than viruses and prions) have a
species
and
genus
designation
Organisms are placed into these groupings that reflect their
evolutionary relatedness