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Burns (Etiology (Flame exosure, Hot liquids or surfaces, Inhalation…
Burns
Etiology
Flame exosure
Hot liquids or surfaces
Inhalation injuries
Electrical current
Chemicals
Clinical signs and symptoms
Inflammatory mediator release
Massive fluid and protein loss into interstitial spaces
Multiple organ failure if not treated immediately
Burn shock
Respiratory Affects
Bronchoconstriction
Pulmonary Edema
ARDS
Inhalation injuries
Direct thermal damage
Chemical injury
O2 delivery and utilization due to CO and cyanide
Pathophysiology
Rule of Nines
Adult head 9%
Each arm 9%
Each Leg 9%
Front and rear torso 18% each
Groin 1%
Burn depth
Partial thickness
Superficial - epidermis only
Superficial dermal - Upper dermal layers only
Full thickness - Through all layers of skin into the subcutaneous layer
Severity based off of BSA - 25-30% considered severe
Potential problmes
increased metabolic rate
Decreased immune response increasing likelihood of infection
Treatment
Metabolic
Pain management
IV fluid and electrolyte replacement
Sedation
Respiratory
High concentration O2
Intubation if airway compromise
High minute volumes through high rates to accommodate high metabolic rate