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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (DIGESTIVE ENZYMES (Pepsin is the enzyme that breaks down…
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
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Trypsinogen, chmyotrypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidase are the three (inactive) enzymes that are released form the pancreas to the SI for aid in further digestion. Once these enzymes reach the SI they synthesize enteropeptidase which then activates trysinogen into trypsin (activates chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase)
Salivary amylase is a component of saliva (oral cavity). This hydrolytic enzyme initiates chemical digestions of starch (amylose).
Pancreatic lipase facilitates digestion of a majority of triglycerides. This enzyme is produced by the pancreas and released into the duodenum.
Brush border enzymes-- are embedded in the epithelial lining of the small intestine. They include phosphatase (break phosphate bond, making the molecule a nucleoside) and nucleosidase (breaks sugar and nitrogen base bond and releasing them)
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DIGESTIVE ORGANS
LOWER GI TRACT --
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Small intestine -- here is where most chemical digestion and absorption occurs. The SI receives chyme from stomach and then sent to accessory organs for further mixing.
ileum -- Continues absorption of digested materials. The ileocecal valve is a sphincter that contraols the entry of materials into the large intestine.
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Duodenum (upper GI) -- receives assessor gland secretions from liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
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Large intestine -- absorbs water electrolytes, and vitamins (vitamin B and K are produced by bacteria). The digestive process is completed as feces is produced and then eliminated through the anus.
UPPER GI TRACT --
Pharynx -- swallowing occurs here as the bolus enters; facilitated by mucus in saliva and superior part of esophagus.
Esophagus -this is the passage in which the bolus is lubricated (by mucus) in order to enter the stomach.
Oral cavity/ salivary glands -- here is where mechanical digestion occurs (mastication). Whit the help of salivary glands, the oral cavity may turn food into a wet mass called a bolus.
Stomach -- Smooth muscle found in the walls of the stomach contract, while the mixing of bolus and gastric secretions (produced by epithelial cells) occurs. Mixing continues until chyme is formed (puree). * secretions include: HCL, digestive enzymes, and mucin.
