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Price ch 3: Drug and Alcohol Testing (Urine (ways to fool drug tests…
Price ch 3: Drug and Alcohol Testing
Urine
tool of choice for qualitative testing
depends on elapsed time, quantity and how often of use, fluid intake, body composition, hepatic function and renal function
not used for quantitative forensic analysis
Most common used algorithm established bu US Department of Transportation
best to use two-step procedure
scanning looks for immunoasays which are general leading to false positives (think poppy seed bagel)
gas-chromatography used to eliminate false positives
ways to fool drug tests
potential employees may use adulterans to contaminate samples that may come up positive
Visine
table salt
liquid soap
in vivo dilution also used to fool drug tests
validity testing is a way to rule out adulteration (fooling test)
Urine should be 90 - 100 degrees
Hair
used outside the detection of urine
hair grows one cm/month and labs look at 3cm (90) days
easy to perform
Breath
Mandatory Breath Alcohol testing (BAT) (breathalyzers in cars) 1995
alcohol testing programs -> 23% reduced risk
Used in
perplacement exams
random testing
post-accident testing
Saliva
only valid for a few hours after opiates and marijuana testing
accepted practice in decriminalized states
can discriminate between acute use and remote exposure for cannabis
Blood
alternative to saliva testing
used for forensic purposes
used during work related death investigations
Medical Review Officer (MRO)
required to be a licensed physician
reiceves lab results
knowledge of substance use disorders