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Municipalities "Urban Local Government" (Eight types (:check:…
Municipalities
"Urban Local Government"
Eight types
:check: town area committee
the administration of a small town
semi-municipal authority
nominated by the state government or partly elected and partly nominated
:check:cantonment board
for municipal administration for civilian population in the cantonment area
the Cantonments Act of 2006
:check:notified area committee
fast developing town due to industrialisation
the State Municipal Act
neither an elected body nor a statutory body
:check: township
established by the large public enterprises
:check:municipality
towns and smaller cities
three authorities
the counci-deliberative and legislative wing -president/chairman
the standing committees -deal with public works, taxation, health
the chief executive officer-responsible for day-to-day general administration
:check: port trust
established in the port areas like Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai
to manage and protect the ports
:check:municipal corporation
Mayor
assisted by a - Deputy Mayor
three authorities,
the council, the standing committees and the commissioner.
:check:special purpose agency
Town improvement trusts.
Urban development authorities.
Water supply and sewerage boards.
Housing boards.
Pollution control boards.
Electricity supply boards.
City transport boards
:check:constitutionalised through the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992
urban local government’ -following three ministries
:check: Ministry of Urban Development, created as a separate ministry in 1985
:check: Ministry of Defence in the case of cantonment boards
:check: Ministry of Home Affairs in the case of Union Territories
EVOLUTION OF URBAN BODIES
HISTORY
:check:1687-first municipal cooperation-madras
:check:1726-Bombay and Calcutta
:check:Lord Ripon’s Resolution of 1882-Magna Carta-the father of local-self government in India.
:check:Royal Commission on decentralisation -1907-chairman was Hobhouse
:check:dyarchical scheme introduced in Provinces by the Government of India Act of 1919
:check:the provincial autonomy scheme -Government of India Act of 1935-local self-government was declared a provincial subject.
Constitutionalisation
August 1989-the Rajiv Gandhi government -65th Constitutional Amendment Bill (i.e., Nagarpalika Bill)-defeated in the Rajya Sabha.
P V Narasimha Rao’s Government -the modified Municipalities Bill -74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992
74TH AMENDMENT ACT OF 1992
also added a new Twelfth Schedule -It deals with Article 243-W
The act aims at revitalising and strengthening the urban governments
Salient Features
Three Types of Municipalities
A nagar panchayat -transitional area- transition from a rural area to an urban area.
municipal council -smaller urban area
municipal corporation - a larger urban area.
:check:Composition
All the members-elected directly.
divided-wards.
:check:
Wards Committees
Reservation of Seats
SCs, STs and women
:check:
Duration of Municipalities
same as panchayaths
:check:Disqualifications
:check:State Election Commission
:check:Powers and Functions
economic development and social justice
implementation of schemes
:check:Finances
levy, collect and appropriate taxes, duties, - [X] tolls and fees
making grants-in-aid
:check: Finance Commission
which is constituted for the panchayats
:check:Audit of Accounts
:check:Application to Union Territories
Exempted Areas
the scheduled areas and tribal areas in the states
the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council of the West Bengal
:check:
District Planning Committee
:check:
Metropolitan Planning Committee
:check:
Continuance of Existing Laws and Municipalities
:check:
Bar to Interference by Courts in Electoral Matters
:check:
Twelfth Schedule It contains the following 18 functional items
Committees and Commissions on Urban Local Governments
1949-51 -Local Finance Enquiry Committee-P.K.
Wattal
Taxation Enquiry Commission-John
Matthai
Committee on the Training of Municipal
-EmployeesNur-Ud-
din Ahmed
Rural-Urban Relationship Committee-A.P. Jain
Committee of Ministers on Augmentation of Financial Resources of Urban Local Bodies-Zakaria
Committee on Budgetary Reform in Municipal
Administration
-Girijapati
Mukharji
Study Group on Constitution, Powers and Laws of
Urban Local Bodies and Municipal Corporations
-K.N.
Sahaya
National Commission on Urbanisation- C.M.
Correa
MUNICIPAL PERSONNEL
Unified Personnel System
the state government appoints, administers, and controls the municipal personnel.
They are transferable between the local bodies in the state
Integrated Personnel System:
the personnel of the state government and those of the local bodies form part of the same service
transferable not only between the local bodies in the state but also between local bodies and departments of state government
Separate Personnel System
:
each local body appoints, - administers, and controls its own personnel
not transferable to other local bodies
MUNICIPAL REVENUE
Tax Revenue
property tax, entertainment tax, taxes on advertisements, professional tax, water tax, tax on
animals
, lighting tax, pilgrim tax
Non-Tax Revenue
fees and fines, royalty, profits and dividends, interest, user charges and miscellaneous receipts.
**Grants
**
the various grants given to municipal bodies by the Central and State Governments
Devolution
the transfer of funds to the urban local bodies from the state government
text
Loans
urban local bodies raise loans from the state government as well as financial institutions
CENTRAL COUNCIL OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
The Central Council of Local Government was set up in 1954
Article 263 of the Constitution of India by an order of the President of India
self-government’
functions
Considering and recommending the policy matters
Making proposals for legislation
Examining the possibility of cooperation between the Centre and the states
Drawing up a common programme of action
Recommending Central financial assistance
Reviewing the work done by the local bodies with the Central financial assistance