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SPEAKING (Materials for language teaching (Nominalization, Exphetness,…
SPEAKING
PROCESSES
Affective:
lack of students`motivation
Spontaneous speaking - pressume ( silence)
Anyone
Personality
Language anxiety
Male experiment more anxiety
As product
Pronunciation
Paralinguistics - phonological and segmental level
Language system
Grammatical feautures: take turns, questions and answers
Genres of speaking
Similar culture background
Cognitive
: words on memory
Formulation
: needs structures, linguistic expressions
Articulation
: physical process(mouth, tongue) linked meaning
Conceptualization:
speakers nedd awareness ( need thing to be said
Teaching
Theories to motivate
Cognitivist
Procedure: task - based - approach
Sociocultural
Interaction - discourse - text - based
Behaviourist
Systems
Audio-lingual
Needs
Materials development applications
Micro skills - vocabulary - pronunciation
Focus on whole genre - academic - professional
Traditional form - matching exercises
Develop learners knowledge
Politeness: reason for needing
Presupposition: analyze features
Transtivity: how grammar is used
Identity: identify considering data
Clause structure: introduction, step by step guide
Self-transcription: do drafts - analize data
Published materials
Books - literary devices
Spoken languag
e
Exchange - initiation and its responses
Adjancecy pair - how participants behave during interaction
Transaction - Recognize by its boundaries
Features
Interactional
Discourse - marking
connected with transaction
Information - staging are central
Grammatical level - cultural interpretations
Turn taking
Culture - acceptable forms of interruptions - Styles of back - choral
Contextual constraints
Speakers encode contextual features
Genetic
Capture the sense
Materials for language teaching
Nominalization
Exphetness
Lexical density
Conceptualization
Grammatical intricacy
Spontaneity
Areas
Authenticity
a stretch of real language
Critical discourse teaching
focus from language to society
Grammar
It is not directly relevant for 2nd language
Tatiana Pineda Guzmàn