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Digestive System (Organs (Teeth (Function: Mechanically reduces food bulk…
Digestive System
Organs
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Tongue
Function: Manipulates and mixes ingested food during chewing and helps compress food against palate to assist in mechanical digestion
Salivary Glands
Function: Saliva secreted from glands, contains salivary amylase which initiates chemical digestion of starch
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Gallbladder
Function: Stores, concentrates, and releases bile into the duodenum
Pancreas
Function: Exocrine cells produce and release digestive enzymes, HCO3- is released from pancreatic ducts to form "pancreatic juice" into duodenum
Pharynx
Function: Swallowing occurs here, mucus provides lubrication to facilitate swallowing
Esophagus
Function: Transports food from pharynx to the stomach, mucus lubricates passage of food
Stomach
Function: Mixes food with gastric secretions as stomach wall contracts (includes hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes, and mucin)
Small Intestine
Function: Receives food from stomach and is then mixed with accessory organ secretions, most chemical digestion and absorption occurs here
Large Intestine
Function: Absorbs water, electrolytes, and vitamins
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Digestive Enzymes
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pancreatic amylase
continues digestion of starch into shorter strands of glucose, maltose, and individual glucose molecules; synthesized and released from pancreas
dextrinase, glucoamylase
breaks bonds between glucose subunits of oligosaccharides; brush border enzymes embedded within the epithelial lining of small intestine
maltase
breaks bond between 2 glucose molecules that compose maltose; brush border enzyme embedded within the epithelial lining of small intestine
lactose
digests lactose to glucose and galactose; brush border enzyme embedded within the epithelial lining of small intestine
sucrase
digests sucrose to glucose and fructose; brush border enzyme embedded within the epithelial lining of small intestine
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dipeptidase
breaks final bond between 2 amino acids of a dipeptide so that they may be absorbed; brush border enzyme
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phosphatase
breaks bond holding the phosphate to rest of nucleotide; brush border enzyme in epithelial lining of small intestine
nucleosidase
breaks bond between the sugar and nitrogenous base of the nucleoside, releasing sugar and nitrogenous base; brush border enzyme in epithelial lining of small intestine
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