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SHOCK (States of Shock (Hypovolemic (Fluid failure, Decreased…
SHOCK
States of Shock
Cardiogenic
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Occurs when the heart suddenly cant pump enough blood to keep the body running. Usually because of a severe MI.
Hypotension
Decreased CO
Increased preload
Increased SVR
Decreased O2 supply
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Impaired myocardial function
Treatment for cardiogenic shock is to improve the flow of blood and oxygen to the body’s organs. Usually a doctor opening a blocked vessel in hospital.
Obstructive
Occurs when there is an obstruction of the heart or the great vessels. Blocks the flow of blood and other necessary fluids.
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Distributive
Anaphylactic
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No loss of blood, no vascular damage, instead the body experiences a widespread vascular dilation, resulting in relative hypovolemia. The immune system releases chemicals such as histamines and other vasodilator proteins on exposure to the allergen. There release causes severe bronchoconstriction. Anaphylaxis also causes hives to form, causing vasodilation and the vessels continue to leak. Fluid leaks into the interstitial spaces causing large amounts of swelling that can become an airway obstruction.
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Epipen for temporary treatment, and then hospital care to further reduce swelling.
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Septic
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Occurs as a result of a systemic bacterial infection. Interactions occur between the pathogen and the bodies defense mechanisms. The body will be able to fight it off at first but then the pathogen will take over and activate the bodies inflammatory immune response. The response results in increased vascular permeability or leaky capillaries and vasodilation.
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Neurogenic
The muscles in the walls of the blood vessels are cut off from the nerve impulses that cause them to contract. All vessels below the injury dilate widely increasing the size of the vascular system causing the blood to pool. Poor profusion of the organs and tissues occurs which causes shock.
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Usually results from a spinal cord injury, then resulting in a loss of normal sympathetic tone and vasodilation.
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Occurs when theres a widespread dilation of small arterioles, small venules, or both. When this happens the circulating blood volume pools in the expanded vascular beds resulting in a decrease in tissue profusion.
Hypovolemic
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation:
a systemic thrombohemorrhagic disorder.
-Uncontrolled acceleration of clotting cascade
-Small vessel blockages
-Organ death
-Depletion of clotting factors
-Activation of fibrinolysis
-Resulting in a severe systematic hemorrhage
Treatment is to maximize O2 efforts, stop bleeds, and fluid replenishment
Stages of Shock
Decompensated
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Body may present with:
Hypotension
Prolonged cap refill
Marked increase in heart rate
Rapid thready pulse
Agitation
Restlessness
Confusion
Irreversible
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Usually results in death, even with resuscitation efforts
Compensated
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Blood pressure is able to be maintained but may be slightly elevated due to a release in chemical mediators as the body recognizes its in shock
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Shock Project
This project has given me a significantly better understanding of shock. Specifically, it has helped with my understanding of the different categories and how shock works. I have included everything I did because I thought the information was relevant to the project. I did not specifically leave anything out of the map. This project was helpful to me to make me have a better understanding of the concepts of shock and to help me prepare for testing of shock.
