Unit 8
Maslow's Needs
Esteem Needs: Need to be independent, receive respect and have self esteem
Love/Emotional Needs: Need to belong/be accepted, to be loved and to love
Self-Actualization Needs: Live up to your fullest potential
Safety Needs: The need to feel safe in daily life, feel that the world is predictable
Self-Transcendence Needs: Find meaning and identity, more abstract concepts
Physiological Needs: Basic needs for survival, such as Food, Shelter and Clothing
Emotion
Two-Factor
Cannon-Bard
James-Lange
Must be
Physically aroused
Cognitively labeled as arousal
"We are sad because we cry"
Body's response determines emotions
Emotional stimulus triggers
Psychological response
Subjective experience of emotion
Arousal Vs. Performance
Hard Tasks
Performance
Easy Tasks
Arousal
Spillover effect
Others emotions "spillover" into you, causing you to feel their emotions
Stress
Stress Response (GAS)
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Stressors
Things that make your stress(ed)
Daily Hassles
Major Life Changes
Catastrophes
General Adaptive Syndrome (GAS)
3 Phases
.
.
Tend-and-Befriend Response
Under Stress, people (especially women) provide support and bond with others for support
Zajonc; LeDoux
Some embodied responses happen instantly without conscious appraisal
high road
low road
Thalamus --> amygdala --> fear response
Thalamus --> cortex --> amygdala --> fear response
Motivation
hunger
what influences eating?
we eat more when more people are round, when there are more food variety, and when there is more food around.
Set points
when body rises above, under decreases and metabolism increases
when body falls below, hunger increases and metabolism decreases
"weight thermostat"
balloon in stomach???
Watson showed that stomach contractions were connected to our feeling of hunger
Disorders
obesity, bulimia, anorexia
Rat experiments
Removed stomachs
Even without hunger pangs, the rats continued to eat
Lateral vs. Ventromedial hypothalamus
Lateral damage = starved, anorexic
Ventromedial damage = never satisfied, obese
Concepts
Optimum Arousal Theory
Some motivated behaviors increase arousal
Drive-reduction theory
Physiological need creates an aroused tension state (drive) that must be satisfied
Pushed by need to reduce drives, pulled by incentives
Homeostasis
Internal maintenance , regulation of body's chemistry
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Performance is best when arousal is moderate (too much or too little reduces quality of performance)