Cell Structure
Cells
Protoplasm
Cell wall
Organelles such as,
Nuclei
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Vacuole (water storage site)
Cell Types
Cells of shoot / root tips
Specializes In
Epidermis
Cell division
Water retention
Epidermal Gland Cells
Protection
produce poisons that inhibit animals from hardming plants
Cutin and wax are barriers against fungi and insects
Produce new protoplasm, absorbs water and salt
Green Leaf Cells
Collets solar energy by photosynthesis
Root Epidermal Cells
Collects water and minerals
Vascular Cells
Flower Cells
Petal Cells
Nectary Cells
Transport water, minerals, and organic molecules
Stamen Cells
Carpel Cells
Fruit Cells
Produce sugars, aromas, flavorful compounds that attract fruit-eating/seed-dispersing animals
Sugars that attract pollinators
Pigments that attract pollinators
Indirectly involved with producing sperm cells
Indirectly involved with producing egg cells
Scent Cells
Fragrances that attract pollinators
Membranes
Composition
proteins (60%)
2 layers of phospholipid bilayers (40%)
monolayer
bilayer
Single layer, hydrophilic ends form hydrogen bonds to water molecules, hydrophobic fatty acids face away from water
double layer, fatty acids away from water, phosphate group towards water
hydrophobic
hydrophillic
associates with phospholipid phosphates and water
sinks protein to associate with fatty acids
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types of proteins
peripheral proteins
intrinsic proteins
partially immersed in lipid bilayer
outside membrane or next to
extrinsic proteins
outside membrane or next to
Properties
Vesicles
helps form membrane, moved and, fuses to growing membrane
vesicle lumen
transports material, may be filled with substances that must be accumulated, broken down, or metabolized
Exocytosiis
means to excrete, example: nectar
Endocytosis
invagination occurs in outer membrane, pinches shut, creating new vesicle.
Permeability
Selectively permeable membrane (differentially permeable)
certain substances cross more easily and rapidly
more permeable to hydrophobic substances
Facilitated diffusion
hydrophilic channels for charged substances
Active Transport
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