Cell Structure

Cells

Protoplasm
Cell wall
Organelles such as,
Nuclei
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Vacuole (water storage site)

Cell Types

Cells of shoot / root tips

Specializes In

Epidermis

Cell division

Water retention

Epidermal Gland Cells

Protection

produce poisons that inhibit animals from hardming plants

Cutin and wax are barriers against fungi and insects

Produce new protoplasm, absorbs water and salt

Green Leaf Cells

Collets solar energy by photosynthesis

Root Epidermal Cells

Collects water and minerals

Vascular Cells

Flower Cells

Petal Cells

Nectary Cells

Transport water, minerals, and organic molecules

Stamen Cells

Carpel Cells

Fruit Cells

Produce sugars, aromas, flavorful compounds that attract fruit-eating/seed-dispersing animals

Sugars that attract pollinators

Pigments that attract pollinators

Indirectly involved with producing sperm cells

Indirectly involved with producing egg cells

Scent Cells

Fragrances that attract pollinators

Membranes

Composition

proteins (60%)

2 layers of phospholipid bilayers (40%)

monolayer

bilayer

Single layer, hydrophilic ends form hydrogen bonds to water molecules, hydrophobic fatty acids face away from water

double layer, fatty acids away from water, phosphate group towards water

hydrophobic

hydrophillic

associates with phospholipid phosphates and water

sinks protein to associate with fatty acids

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membranebilayer

types of proteins

peripheral proteins

intrinsic proteins

partially immersed in lipid bilayer

outside membrane or next to

extrinsic proteins

outside membrane or next to

Properties

Vesicles

helps form membrane, moved and, fuses to growing membrane

vesicle lumen

transports material, may be filled with substances that must be accumulated, broken down, or metabolized

Exocytosiis

means to excrete, example: nectar

Endocytosis

invagination occurs in outer membrane, pinches shut, creating new vesicle.

Permeability

Selectively permeable membrane (differentially permeable)

certain substances cross more easily and rapidly

more permeable to hydrophobic substances

Facilitated diffusion

hydrophilic channels for charged substances

Active Transport

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