Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
HUMAN NUTRITION (Alimentary Canal (Liver (produces bile, stores glucose…
HUMAN NUTRITION
Alimentary Canal
-
Egestion: passing out of food that has not been digested, as faeces, through the anus
Digestion: breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into small, water-soluble molecules using mechanical and chemical processes
Mouth: contains teeth used for mechanical digestion, area and where ingestion takes place
-
-
-
Stomach: has sphincters to control movement and elastic walls. Contains hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria
-
-
-
-
Liver
-
stores glucose and glycogen, inter-converting them to keep glucose concentration constant
-
-
-
-
-
Food Molecules
-
Proteins
building materials, enzymes, haemoglobin, muscle, antibodies, hormones
Fats
building materials, energy store, insulation, buoyancy, making hormones
Vitamin C
anti-ageing cells, production of fibre
Scurvy: Loss of teeth, pale skin and sunken eyes
-
-
Fibre
bulk for faeces, helps peristalisis
Water
chemical reactions, solvent for transport
Calcium
-
Rickets: weak bones and teeth, poor blood clotting and spasms
Chemical digestion
When enzymes are used to break down large, insoluble substances into smaller, soluble substances like amino acids so they can be absorbed
-
-
-
-
Balanced Diet
-
-
Malnutrition
-
Overnutrition
balanced diet, but eating too much of everything
-
-
Effects
Starvation: lack of strength and food, leading to death
Coronary heart disease: eating too much fats rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol can lead to a heart attack
Constipation: lack of roughage in food causes constipation because there is no bulk in faeces. Friction between bulk and intestinal walls are what stimulate peristalsis
Obesity: too many fats and carbohydrates lead to their storage in the body in the form of fats, causing an increase in body weight. It can cause heart attack, stroke, joint pain, ,mobility impairment and high blood pressure
Teeth
Types of teeth
-
-
Incisor
Rectangular shape, sharp for biting and cutting
-
-
-
Pulp cavity: contains tooth-producing cells, blood vessels and nerve endings which detect pain
-
Neck: in between the crown and the roots, it is the gums
Tooth Decay
- Plague hardens to form tartar
- Acid wears out the surface of the enamel, taking time. This stage is not painful
- Erosion is faster in the dentine because it's softer. This stage is painful.
- Erosion hits the pulp, where the nerves and blood vessels are. This stage is very painful.
-
-
-