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The High Middle Ages and Feudalism (THE FEUDAL SYSTEM (CHARACTERISTICS…
The High Middle Ages and Feudalism
POLITICAL SITUATION
11th-13th
THE MUSLIM WORLD
Caliphate divided
internal fighting
Turks
most important group
took control
created
independent states
goberned
by a Sultan
The Seljuk Sultanate
Iran
Arabia
Iraq
Syria
New Caliphates
Fatimid Caliphate
Egypt
Almoravid Caliphate
North Africa
10th-13th
attacks from Christians
13th
invaded by the Mongols
11th-13th
THE CHRISTIAN WORLD
Byzantine Empire
attacks from the turks
Carolingian Empire
Holy Roman Empire
962
less territory
less power held by the emperor
Christian Kingdoms
expansion
Zaragoza
conquered in 1118
capital of Aragón
1139
Kingdom of Portugal
became independent
Amohads
Al-Andalus + North of Africa
capital in Sevilla
11th-13th
THE REST OF THE WORLD
Asia
mongols
in central Asia
in 13th invaded
Muslim Caliphate
Eastern Europe
China
India
Indochina
Chinese Empire
America
central America
Toltec
Mayan
south America
Inca
África
Thanks to trade
new Kingdoms
in the Sahel zone
Ethiopia
Kanem
Hausa
Mali
Ghana
converted to Islam
and
their lands
were incorporated
into
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THE FEUDAL SYSTEM
FEUDALISM
political, economic and social
established
Christian Kingdoms
High Middle Ages
characterised
by the
monarch's loss of power
relationships
based
personal loyalty
economy
small self-sufficient
areas
of
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FEUDAL MONARCHY
monarchs
governed with
aid of
court
nobles
advised them
in governmental matters
Royal officials
served the monarch
Chancery
writing
decisions
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Host
army
composed
private army
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privates armies
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ORIGINS FEUDALISM
Division Carolingian Empire
Europe
suffered
attacks
villages and cities
were sacked
Monarchs
didn't have resources
help their subjects
HOW?
ask nobles for help
Beginning
monarch
divided lands
among nobles
and the king
was weak
nobles
managed to
power
became
hereditary
absolute power
over the inhabitants
of their lands
including
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THE SYSTEM
Fiefdom
land owned
by the feudal lord
Serfs
peasants
that
lived and worked
in the fiefdom
Power
incerased
armies
extend
their domains
feudal wars
Insecurity
nobility built
castles
people
looking for protection
deny military aid
VASSALAGE RELATIONSHIPS
VASSAL
person
voluntarily
promised
his loyalty
someone
more powerful
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swore
his loyalty
in a official act
(commendation ceremony)
vassal knelt before lord
put hands together , swore loyalty
promising giving military aid
advise
lord took vassal's hand, kissed them
signifying
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CHARACTERISTICS FIEFDOM
Demesne
lord's land
cultivated
by his serfs
forests
also belonged
Places of comunal use
mills
forge
bridges
furnace
Castle
situated
next to a river
up high a river
house
servants
vassals
lord and family
Village
near castles
main building
church
farmers and peasants
lived together
with animals
taverns
food and drinks
traders
workshops
LIFE IN A FIEFDOM
Privileged states
hunting
weapons
handle horses
read
write
culture education
dames
weren't
politic
charge
servants
didn't go outside
chaplain
lived castle
look after chapel
prayed
clothes
made of
velvet
silk
linen
bright colours
specially red
decorated
embroidery
wore
jewellery
chaplain
specific clothing
Castle
nobles
attended
banquets
feasts
ate
much meat
with their hands
participated
tournaments
(battles)
Unprivileged States
worked
from sunrise
to sunset
before sleep
gathered
fire
to
talk
tell stories
warm themselves
didn't know
write
read
orally
female peasants
working land
with mens
look after children
clothes
wool
cotton
grey
brown
food
agricultural products
soups
bread
meals
stews
celebrations
ate much meat
examples
weddings
births
ECONOMY
Agriculture
pulses
wine
Mediterranean
vegetables
beer
rest of Europe
cereal crops
PRODUCTS OF ANIMALS
eggs
cheese
milk
honey
Livestock
meat consumed
(privileged)
obtain
leather
wool
from animals
used
war
horses
transport
mules
horses
Subsistence economy
agriculture techniques
mouldboard plough
irrigation techniques
manure
as fertilised
three year crop rotation
increase of production
population grew
SOCIETY
NOBILITY
dominant group
defending society
Higher
marquisis
counts
dukes
Lower
knights
CLERGY
praying
guarantee salvation
Upper
bishops
abbots
Lower
priests
monks
PEASANTS
worked
rest society
serfs
attached
to the fief
traders
craftsmen
free peasants
THE CHURCH
ORGANISATION
Pope
leader
Christians
in the West
when died
cardinals
appointed successor
TWO BRANCHES CLERGY
Seculary clergy
bishops
priests
charge ceremonies
religious education
Regular clergy
monks
nuns
abbots
rules applied to their
order
types
Religious orders
devoted time
working
praying
in the monastery
Military orders
praying
fighting
spread
Christianity
POLITICAL POWER
Church and political power
very close
monarchs
appointed bishops
attended
cortes
parliament
the Pope
could excommunicate
we wanted
even monarchs
it condemned
victim
to hell
became
way
threatening people
ECONOMIC POWER
Monarchs and nobles
gave lands and fiefs
to the Church
win its favour
Church
became
main land owner
benefited
from a tax
the tithe
(agricultural production
peasants pay)
CULTURE
Responsible
spreading culture
coping
ancient texts
responible
education
spreading
religious beliefs
fear
hell
fear
end
world
hope
mediation of saints
Virgin Mary
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