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panchayathi raj (Evalution of Panchayti Raj (Balwant Rai Committee,1957…

- - - - Three tier panchayati raj system.
        1.gram panchayat-village .
        2.panchayat samiti-block level-executive body
        3.zila parishad -district level-advisory,coordinating,supervisory body
        :check:village panchayat-direct representative.
        :check:panchayat samiti and zilla parishad-indirectly elected members
        :check:district collecter-chairman of z.p.
        :check:genuine transfer of power.
        :check:effective further devolution.
        :arrow_double_down:
        accepted by national development council.
        :check:left it to states decision.
  - - - :check:Zila parrishad-pivotal role-democratic decentralisation
        :check: should be created District Development Commissioner post-cheif executive officer of Z.P .
        :check:elections of panchayatraj should held regularly.
  - - - :check:pancahyati raj-should be constitutionally recognised and preserved
        :check:Nyaya panchayats
        :check:gram sabha-embodied of direct democracy.
        :check:should be established judicial tribunals.
- - - - :check:the panchayats -provisions from article 243 to 243 O.
        :check:village panchayats -article 40-enable them to functions as unit of self govt.
        :check:article 40-a part of DPSP.
        :check:give constitutional status.
        :check:compulsory provisions-state law creating new panchayati raj govt
        :check:voluntary provisions-right of the states to local factors -geographical ,politico administartive.
        :check:significant land mark in evolution of grassroot democratic institutions.
    - - Gram sabha
      - Three -tier system
      - Election of members and chair persons
      - members and chairpersons
      - Reservation of seats
        :check:1/3rd of total seats for women(include sc,st women)
      - Duration of Panchayats
        :check:5 year term
      - Disqualifications :check:under law made by state legislature
        (a) under any law for the time being in force for the purpose of elections to the legislature of the state concerned,
        (b) under any law made by the state legislature.
        :check:No person shall be disqualified on the ground that he is less than 25 years of age if he has attained the age of 21 years.
      - :check:state election commisssion.
        :check:The state legislature may make provision with respect to all matters relating to elections to the panchayats. :check:
      - Powers and functions
        :check:preparation plans for economic development social justice.
        :check:implementation of schemes.
      - Finances
        :check:authorise about tax realated .
        :check:grant in aid to panchayats-from consolidated fund
      - Finance commossion
        governer-every 5 years- constitute finance commision to review -financial position of panchayats.
      - Audit accounts
      - Application to UTs :check:exempted J&K,nagaland,megalaya,mizoram
        :check:sheduled areas,tribal areas,hill area of manipur,darjeeling
      - Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters
      - Eleventh Schedule It contains the following 29 functional items placed within the purview of panchayats
    - - compulsory provisions
        :check:organisation and grama sabha in village.
        :check:direct elections
        :check:indirect elections-chairperson of panchayats
        :check:21 years-contesting elections in panchayats
        :check:reservation of st and sc
        :check:reservation of 1/3rd -for women
      - voluntary provisions
        :check:representation of mp and MLAs
        :check:providing reservation of seats for BC .
        :check:devolution of powers and responsibilities-to perform 11th schedule list.
        :check:granting financial powers to the panchayaths.