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The purpose of life (Reactions/response (- Everlasting sadness knowing…

- - - - greek
        
        aristotelianism - argued that ethical knowledge is not certain knowledge, but is general knowledge (summum bonum)
        
        cynicism - the purpose of life is living a life of Virtue which agrees with Nature.
        Happiness depends upon being self-sufficient and master of one's mental attitude.
        Suffering is the consequence of false judgments of value, which cause negative emotions and a concomitant vicious character.
        
        cyrenaicism - happiness is one of the ends of moral action and that pleasure is the supreme good; thus a hedonistic world view
        
        platonism - universals do not physically exist, like objects, but as heavenly forms.
        
        epiceureanism - rejects immortality and mysticism; there is a soul, but it is as mortal as the body. There is no afterlife, yet, one need not fear death, because "Death is nothing to us; for that which is dissolved, is without sensation, and that which lacks sensation is nothing to us
        
        stoicism - The meaning of life is "freedom from suffering" through apatheia (Gr: απαθεια), that is, being objective and having "clear judgement", not indifference.
      - 19th century
        
        nihilism - emptying the world, and especially human existence, of meaning, purpose, comprehensible truth, and essential value.
        "God is dead"
        
        utilitarianism - Rule of Utility: "that the good is whatever brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people"
      - 20th century
        
        philosophy - questions about the meaning of life have also seen radical changes, from attempts to reevaluate human existence in biological and scientific terms (as in pragmatism and logical positivism) to efforts to meta-theorize about meaning-making as a personal, individual-driven activity (existentialism, secular humanism).
        
        pragmatism - the meaning of life is discoverable only via experience.
        
        theists - God created the universe and that God had a purpose in doing so.
        theists also hold the view that humans find their meaning and purpose for life in God's purpose in creating.
        further hold that if there were no God to give life ultimate meaning, value and purpose, then life would be absurd.
        
        existentialism - life is not determined by a supernatural god or an earthly authority, one is free.
        
        absurdism - the fundamental disharmony between the individual's search for meaning and the apparent meaninglessness of the universe. As beings looking for meaning in a meaningless world, humans have three ways of resolving the dilemma:
        Suicide (or, "escaping existence"): a solution in which a person simply ends one's own life. Both Kierkegaard and Camus dismiss the viability of this option.
        Religious belief in a transcendent realm or being: a solution in which one believes in the existence of a reality that is beyond the Absurd, and, as such, has meaning. Kierkegaard stated that a belief in anything beyond the Absurd requires a non-rational but perhaps necessary religious acceptance in such an intangible and empirically unprovable thing (now commonly referred to as a "leap of faith"). However, Camus regarded this solution as "philosophical suicide".
        Acceptance of the Absurd: a solution in which one accepts and even embraces the Absurd and continues to live in spite of it. Camus endorsed this solution (notably in his 1947 allegorical novel The Plague or La Peste), while Kierkegaard regarded this solution as "demoniac madness": "He rages most of all at the thought that eternity might get it into its head to take his misery from him!"[82]
    - - mohism - universal, impartial love.
      - confucianism - humankind is driven by both positive and negative influences, Confucianists see a goal in achieving virtue through strong relationships and reasoning as well as minimizing the negative.
        Tu Wei-Ming's quote, "we can realize the ultimate meaning of life in ordinary human existence."
      - legalism - believed that finding the purpose of life was a meaningless effort.
    - - western religions
        
        zoroastrianism - Zoroastrians believe in a universe created by a transcendental God, Ahura Mazda, to whom all worship is ultimately directed. Ahura Mazda's creation is asha, truth and order, and it is in conflict with its antithesis, druj, falsehood and disorder.
        
        islam - discover their creator Allah (English: God) through His signs, and be grateful to Him through sincere love and devotion.
        
        baha'i faith - focused on spiritual growth and service to humanity. Human beings are viewed as intrinsically spiritual beings.
        
        judaism - elevate the physical world ('Olam HaZeh') and prepare it for the world to come ('Olam HaBa'), the messianic era.
        not focused on personal salvation, but on communal (between man and man) and individual (between man and God) spiritualised actions in this world.
        
        christianity - to seek divine salvation through the grace of God and intercession of Christ. The New Testament speaks of God wanting to have a relationship with humans both in this life and the life to come, which can happen only if one's sins are forgiven
      - south asian religions
        
        hinduism - that the ātman (spirit, soul, person's true self) is eternal.
        four possible aims to human life [purusharthas (ordered from least to greatest)]:
        (i)Kāma (wish, desire, love and sensual pleasure)
        (ii)Artha (wealth, prosperity, glory)
        (iii)Dharma (righteousness, duty, morality, virtue, ethics), encompassing notions such as ahimsa (non-violence) and satya (truth)
        (iv)Moksha (liberation, i.e. liberation from Saṃsāra, the cycle of reincarnation).
        
        buddhism - do not speak about "the meaning of life" or "the purpose of life", but about the potential of human life to end suffering.
        Nirvana means freedom from both suffering and rebirth.
        
        sikhism - believe that all people are equally important before God
        "The Lord dwells in every heart, and every heart has its own way to reach Him."
      - east asian religions
        
        taoism - need for all sentient beings and all man to return to the primordial or to rejoin with the Oneness of the Universe by way of self-cultivation and self-realization.
        ... the simple answer is here within ourselves."
        
        shinto - signifies that all the universe is divine spirit. This foundation of free will, choosing one's way, means that life is a creative process.