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Ancient China (CONTRIBUTIONS (Intention of paper from tree bark, plant…
Ancient China
CONTRIBUTIONS
Intention of paper from tree bark, plant fibers, and old rags. It was cheap and easy to write on.
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The inventions for agriculture like plow, wheelbarrow, and a harness that fitted around a horse´s neck.
The invention of beautiful textile, or cloth, called silk. It became China´s most traded good.
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Today, Confucianism continues to influence thinking, just as Chinese inventions make our lives easier.
GEOGRAPHY
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The Himalaya, Tian Shan, and Pamir mountain range made a significant obstacle in the west.
It was surround by the Pacific Ocean, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea.
It was between two rivers: Huang He (Yellow river), and Chang Jiang.
The Yellow river is 3,395 mil-long and lies lies in northern China. The Chang Jiang is 4,000 miles long in centrl China, also it is the third longest river in the world.
CHINASE PHILOSOPHIES
Confucianism
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It belived that Chinese society was breaking down as a resoult of the constant conflict. In effort to restore order, people should respect authority and one another
Confucianism, followed the five relaitionships: father and son, older brother and young brother, husband and wife, friend and friend and, ruler and subject.
Promoted education, family unity, and filial piety.
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Daoism
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Emphasizes living in harmony with nature and the Dao that means "the way", and it´s believed to be the driving force behind everything that exists.
Seek order and balance in their lives by merging, or blending, with nature "like drops of water in a stream".
Legalism
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It was developed after 400 B.C., it has no founder, but Haz Feize set down its ideas around 260 B.c.
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IMPORTANT DYNASTIES
Shang Dynasty
They established an ordered society with the king at the top, warlords coming next, and farmers at the bottom.
Farmers helped advance agriculture in China and grew crops such as millet, wheat, and rice.
Developed a system of writing using 3,000 characters, these are the base of the Modern Chinese writing.
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They worshipped the spirits of their dead ancestors, they belived these spirits influenced everything from the king´s health to farmers´ havests.
They had great craftpeople, they were the most skilled metalworkers at the time, also they built elaborate tombs for the dead.
Zhou Dynasty
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They adopted many of the Shang´s cultural practices, including ancestors worship and the use of oracle bones.
They developed the concept of Mandate of Heaven, this means that the king could rule only s long as the gods believed it was worthy.
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They established a strong government. But they divided thier lands amoung local lords, and finally fought among themselves.
Han Dynasty
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Peasants work only one month per year to build roads, canals, and irrigation system.
They used Confucius´ teachings as a guide, and established their government based on a bureaucracy.
Lü found a way to ruled as an emperor in the ancient China, by ruling in the name of his son, and a couple of infants. Because of this anyone from the family ruled again.
Emperor Wudi used military conquests to expand the empire´s boundaries. It last 54 years, which set a record that would not be broken for more than 1,800 years.
Merchants, government workers, and craftspeople lived in large houses in the cities.
It was filled with restaurants, businesses, and places of entertainment. Some cities had populations of up to 500,000 people.
Most of Chinese people were peasants, that lived in small houses in villages close to their farm.
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