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UNIT 8: Motivation, Emotion, Stress (MODULE 39 (Motivational Theories…
UNIT 8: Motivation, Emotion, Stress
MODULE 39
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Homeostasis: a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
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MODULE 38
Physiology of Hunger
Glucose: the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Set Point: the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
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Hunger’s pangs correspond to the stomach’s contractions, but hunger also has other causes.
Neural areas in the brain, some within the hypothalamus, monitor blood chemistry (including glucose level) and incoming information about the body’s state.
Obesity correlates with depression, especially among women.
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Environmental influences include lack of exercise, an abundance of high-calorie food, and social influence.
MODULE 39
Physiology of Sex
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Estrogen: sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics.
Testosterone: the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs
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MODULE 42
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Health Psychology: a sub field of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine
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MODULE 40
Our need to affiliate or belong—to feel connected and identified with others—had survival value for our ancestors, which may explain why humans in every society live in groups.
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We connect with others through social networking, strengthening our relationships with those we already know.
MODULE 41
Emotion: a response of the whole organism, involving arousal, behaviors, and experience.
James-Lange theory: the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
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Two-Factor Theory: the Schachter Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
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MODULE 43
stress: the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
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MODULE 44
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Psychoneuroimmunology: the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
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