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TEXTBOOK LANGUAGE ARTS IN THE EARLY CHILDHOOD YEARS: (Theories of Language…
TEXTBOOK
LANGUAGE ARTS IN THE EARLY CHILDHOOD YEARS:
Language
Verbal system
Words and rules for organising words and changing them
Listening and speaking
Literacy
Written system
Reading, writing and thinking needed to produce and comprehend texts
Theories of Language Emergence
Behaviourist\Environmentalist (or Stimulus-Response) Theory (B.F. Skinner)
the reactions of the people in a child’s language environment bave an important effect on a child’s language development.
Positive, natural and negaitive reinforcement play a key role in children’s emerging communication behaviour.
a child’s sounds and sound combination are thought to be uttered partly as imitation and partly at random or on impulse, without pattern or meaning.
Utterances may grow, or seem to reach a standstill, depending on the feedback from others.
Maturational (Normative) Theory
children are primarily a product of genetic inheritance amd that environmental influences are secondary.
predictable stage to another, with “readiness” the precursor of actual learning.
this theory serves as a basis for planning instruction for young children includes
identifying preditctable stages of growth in language abilities
offering appropriate readiness activities to aid children’s graduation to the next higher lever
Predetermined/Innatist Theory (Chomsky)
Language acquisition is considered innate (a predetermined human capacity)
each person has an individual language acquisitive device
this device LAD (capacity), has several sets of language systems rules (grammar) common to all known languages.
within a favourable family climate, the perceptions spark a natural and unconscious device, and the child learns the mother tongue.
Cognitive-Transactional and Interaction Theory
Language acquisition develops from basic social and emotional drives.
language is learned as a means of relating to people
Constructivist Theory
Constructing language mentally in interaction with the environment