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Developing Nigeria (Environmental Issues (Urban Growth (Squatter…
Developing Nigeria
Environmental Issues
Urban Growth
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Traffic congestions are a major problem in most Nigerian cities, leading to high levels of exhaust emissions.
70-80% of Nigeria's forests have been destroyed through logging, agriculture, urban expansion,roads and industrial development. This reduces biodiversity.
Industrial Growth
In Kano, Kaduna and Lagos, many harmful pollutants go directly into open drains and water channels. They are harmful to people and damage ecosystems downstream.
Some industries dispose of chemical waste on nearby land, threatening the groundwater quality.
Industrial chimneys emit poisonous gases, causing respiratory and heart problems in humans.
Desertification is a major problem in Nigeria, made worse by large-scale dam and irrigation schemes.
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Quality of Life
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Has everyone benefitted?
Most indicators of quality of life (i.e. the HDI (Human Development Index)) for Nigeria show an improving trend. This suggests that economic development since 1990 has significantly improved the quality of people's lives.
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Aid
What and Why?
What?
Providers of Aid; individuals, charities, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), governments and international (multi-lateral) organisations (i.e EU or UN).
2 main types of aid;
- Emergency Aid - Often follows a natural disaster, war or conflict. Aid may take the form of food, water ,medical supplies and/or shelter.
- Devleopmental Aid - Long-term support given by charities, governments and multi-lateral organisations. Aims to improve quality of life by making improvements to infrastructure (i.e. roads and/or electrical supplies) and by providing education and/or safe water.
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Why?
Despite rapid economic growth and wealth from oil reserves, many people in Nigeria are poor. They have very limited access to services such as safe water, sanitation or a reliable supply of electricity. Almost 60% of the population live on < £0.63 a day.
Birth rates and infant mortality rates are high and life expectancy is very low, particularly in the north-east of the country.
Benefits of Aid
In 2014, the World Bank approved a $500 million to fund development projects and provide long-term loans to businesses. This helps to reduce the over-dependance on oil exports.
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The USAID-funded Community Care in Nigeria project provides support packages of orphans and vulnerable children.
The NGO Nets for Life provides education on malaria prevention and distributes anti-mosquito nets to many households.
The UK department for International Development has funded a health and HIV programme, providing health education in rural areas.
(Note: The most successful projects are communtity-based, supported by small charities and NGOs. These are often delivered directly to where help is needed. The aid is all used for the project and no money is wasted.)
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