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Classification of joints (Structural classification (Synovial joints…
Classification of joints
Structural classification
Fibrous joints
Sutures
plane
example:
internasal suture
serrate
example:
interparietal suture
sqamous
example:
temporo-parietal suture
denticulate
example:
lambdoid suture
schindylesis
example:
between rostrum of sphenoid and upper boarder of vomer
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis
Cartilaginous joints
Primary cartilaginous joints (synchondrosis)
examples:
joint between epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone long bone
spheno-occipital joint
first chondrosternal joint
costochondra joints
bones are united by a single later of hyaline cartilage
Secondary cartilaginous joints (symphysis/amphiarthrosis)
examples:
pubic symphysis
manubriosternal joints
inter-vertebral joints between the vertebral bodies
covered by a single layer of hyaline cartilage and united by a disc of fibrocartilage
Synovial joints
Plane or gliding type
gliding movement
Uniaxial joints
hinge joint
flexion and extension
pivot joint
rotation only
Biaxial joints
condylar joints
flexion, extension and limited rotation
ellipsoid joints
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction
Multiaxial joints
saddle joint
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and conjunct rotation
ball-and-socket joint
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, medial and lateral rotation
Functional classification
Synarthroses (immovable)
sutures of the fibrous joints
Amphiarthroses (slightly movable)
secondary cartilaginous joints
Diarthroses (freely movable)
synovial joints
are fluid-filled cavity between articular surfaces which are covered by articular cartilage
Regional classification
Skull type
immovable
Vertebral type
slightly movable
Limb type
freely movable
According to the number of articulating bones
Simple joint
when 2 bones articulate
examples:
interphalangeal joints
Compound joint
when more than 2 bones articulate within one capsule
examples:
elbow joint
wrist joint
Complex joint
when joint cavity is divided by an intra-articular disc
examples:
temporomandibular joint
sternoclavicular joint