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Classification of bones (According to shape (Sesamoid bones (examples:…
Classification of bones
According to shape
Lone bones
Has an elongated shaft (diaphysis)
two expanded ends (epiphyses)
Short bones
shape is usually:
cuboid
cuneiform
trapezoid
scaphoid
examples:
tarsal bones
carpal bones
Flat bones
resembles shallow plates and forms boundaries of certain body cavities
Irregular bones
vertibra
hip bone
bone in the base of the skull
Pneumatic bone
irregular bones with large air spaces lined by epithelium
examples:
maxilla
sphenoid
ethmoid
Sesamoid bones
bony nodules found embedded in the tendons or joint capsules
they have no periosteumand ossify after birth
surfaces of contact are covered with hyaline cartilage and lubricated by bursa or synovial membrane
examples:
patella in the tendon of quadriceps femoris
pisiform
tendon of lateral head of gastrocnemius
Accessory bones
Developmental classification
Membrane (dermal) bones
Cartilaginous bones
Membrano-cartilaginous bones
Somatic bones
Visceral bones
Regional classification
Axial skeleton
Includes:
skull
vertebral column
thoracic cage
Appendicular skeleton
includes:
bones of the limbs
pectoral girdle
free upper limb
pelvic girdle
free lower limb
Structural classification
Macroscopically
compact bone
cancellous bones
made of trabeculae meshwork
meshwork of rods
meshwork of rods and plates
meshwork of plates
Microscopically
lamella bone
woven bone
fibrous bone
dentine
cement