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WOLSEY'S DOMESTIC POLICIES (Finance (The Amicable Grant (In March 1525…
WOLSEY'S DOMESTIC POLICIES
Finance
Success
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He raised a considerable amount of money
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However, with growing with inflation and expensive foreign policy it wasn't enough
His fiscal policies caused resentment among the ruling classes seen in the increasingly late payments that characterised 1522-25
The Amicable Grant was an embarrassing step down for Henry (who wanted the money for renewed french warfare)
It was worse for Wolsey since the King claimed no knowledge of the grant and he was held responsible
Fifteenths and Tenths
Wolsey's main action was to replace with this with
subsidies
This was more flexible and and based on the ability to pay rather then a fixed rate
In
1522
commissioners were dispatched to localities to carry out assessments of wealth, he used this raise £200 000 in forced loans
Money
Between 1513-29 Wolsey raised: £325 000 in parliamentary taxes, £118 000 from 15ths and 10ths and £250 000 in loans
The Amicable Grant
In
March 1525
, commissioners were sent out to collect a tax called AG
The clergy were taxes at
1/3
if the goods they owned and were given just 10 weeks to find the money, others were taxed similar amounts
Resistance was immediate and widespread, exacerbated by recent heavy taxes and forced loans
This forced Wolsey to admit exceptions to the tax, and as news of this spread, more regions demanded they should be exempt too
Henry steeped in the suspend the tax
Justice
Success
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He endorsed a progressive legal sysyem and pursued justice for all
Civil law was more progressive as based on natural justice
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However, he also used them to further his own position and carry out personal vendettas eg, the Duke of Buckingham
His achievements did not outlast him he failed to implement any lasting reform
Enormous backlog of of cases to be heard in the Star Chamber by 1529 and much of the administration was chaotic
Actions
Star Chamber
He utilised this much more than HVII, allowing anyone to bring their cases before him, regardless of wealth or status
It dealt with over 120 cases per year compared to ~12 under HVII
law
He promoted
civil law
over
Common law
Frequently using his courts to overturn common law verdicts
Enclosure
Success
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This shows Wolsey's drive and determination for justice for all and to challenge the aristocracy
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Enclosure continued to take place and and rural poverty continued to rise, it had no long term results
IN 1523, Wolsey was forced to accept all existing enclosures, thus demonstrating he was not always able to exert his power over the nobility
His actions exacerbated his unpopularity with the ruing classes
National Inquiry into Enclosure
1517
Through this, ~ 260 were brought to court, which was remarkable in this period as people rarely appeared in court
They wer eordered to rebuild housed that had been destroyed and return land to arable farming
There had been statutes before Wolsey became LC, but these had been ignored
Parliament
Success
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It can be said that his measures such as the EOs were necessary and saved the crown money
The men he sent away were not completely ostracised from court, with some picking up important roles that didn't hamper their careers
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His actions built resentment against him
In addition, many thought Wolsey was jealous and this was why he issued the EOs, furthering people's dislike for him
MPs
It met only
twice
during Wolsey's ascendency, and this was to pass laws or grant taxes
They only met when the king needed them, not as a right
This angered the MPs so they were reluctant to give him what he wanted
Policy
Policy was instead devised in the King's household at court
Aministrative affairs were overssen by the
Council
made up of leading nobles and churchmen
The
Privy Chamber
saw to the King's most intimate needs
Political Rivals
Wolsey initiated a purge of the Privy Chamber in
1519
, expelling the 'rising stars' and giving them mundane jobs away from court
The wars of 1522-25 continuedto keep young men away from court
On their return, Wolsey secured the
Eltham Ordinances
through which the number of the Royal household was reduced