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National diff in P, E, L systems & Culture (Legal system: rules that…

- - - - private action: theft, piracy, blackmail
      - public action: legal(excessive taxation) & illegal(blackmailing)
    - - High level of corruption = ↓ FDI, level of international trade & E growth
  - - - Patents: EXCLUSIVE rights for DEFINED period to manu, use / sale of invention
      - Copyrights: EXCLUSIVE rights of authors, composers, artists & publishers to PUBLICISE & DISTRIBUTE work
      - Trademark: DESIGN & NAME that company have to DIFFERENTIATE pdts
    - - avoid countries where IP laws are LAX
      - File lawsuits
      - LOBBY govt for international property rights agreements & enforcement
- - - - Religion VS ethical systems
        
        closely related
        
        religion: system of SHARED beliefs & rituals related to REALM of SACRED
        
        4 dominant religion: christianity, islam, buddhism, hindulism
        
        confucianism: also impt in influencing behaviour & culture in asia
        
        ethical: set of MORAL principles/values that are used to GUIDE & SHAPE behav.
      - Education
        
        formal education: medium where indi learn many language, conceptual & mathematical skills
        
        impt in determining country competitive ad
        
        general edu. level: good indicator of kind of pdt that might sell in country
      - Language
        
        SPOKEN & UNSPOKEN means of communication
        
        1 defining characteristics of culture
        
        country w >1 language: norm have >1 culture
        
        eng: widely spoken & becoming language for IB
        
        Chinese: mother tongue of largest no. of peep
        
        communication failure: when dont understand NONVERBAL cues of another culture
      - Social structure
        
        society basic social org
        
        consider degree where
        
        basic unit of social org is INDI not GROUP
        
        society is STRATIFIED into classes/castes [social stratification]
        
        consider:
        
        degree of social MOBILITY
        
        extent indi can MOVE out of strata where they are born in
        
        caste system
        
        2 more items...
        
        class system
        
        2 more items...
        
        Significance attached to social STRATA in biz
        
        class consciousness: condition where peep tend to see themselves in terms of CLASS background & shape r/s with others
      - P & E beliefs
    - - Workplace
        
        mgmt process & practices must ADAPT to culturally determined work related values
        
        Hofstede 4 dimensions of culture
        
        Power dist: how society deal with fact that peep are UNEQUAL in PHYSICAL & INTELLECTUAL capabilities
        
        Individualism VS Collectivism: r/s betwen indi & peers
        
        Uncertainty avoidance: extent where diff culture SOCIALISE members into accepting VAGUE situations & deal with it
        
        masculinity VA femininity: r/s between GENDER & WORK ROLES
      - Managers
        
        impt to develop cross cultural literacy
        
        need to be aware of ETHNOCENTRIC behaviours
        
        if don know about culture practices: most prob wont succeed in that culture
        
        connection between culture & national competitive ad
        
        help suggest which country likely to produce competitors
        
        affect choice of country to place production faci & do biz