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The Atlantic Slave Trade (Slave Life (Previous African Slavery (Slavery…
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Triangular Trade
Bond Servents
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However, work was hard many didn’t make the journey or last the years in the contract
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Harsh conditions were to blame, they had to work from sun up to sun down and diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dysentery, dropsy and leprosy took they toll
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Arawak
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Died as not immune to measles, smallpox and other European fevers
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Sugar Cane
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However to extract the sugar from cane it needed a large amount of people to grow, harvest and process it
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The Importance of Sugar
Arrived in Europe, very attractive as was very sweet compared to other food
Cane sugar became luxury commodity in Europe, was only available to the rich, they used it to sweeten coffee, tea and chocolate
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Very expensive, a cash crop
West Africans
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16th and 17th Centuries brought improved standards for living, growing populations and economic change in European towns and cities
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As Europeans explored the Atlantic, new places were discovered that were good for sugar cultivation
Cane was planted in Madeira, the Canaries and Cape Verde Islands which were all claimed by Portugal
Since Portugal had trade connections with West Africa, when new workers were needed, it seemed natural to look to the African coast
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The Slave Triangle
Stage 1 - Britain to Africa - ships carried trade goods like cloth, metal pots and pans, weapons and guns
Stage 2 - Africa to West Indies (Middle Passage) - enslaved Africans traded with African leaders for goods were taken to the West Indies
Stage 3 - West Indies to Britain - slaves were auctioned off for profits and selling goods, ships also brought back valuable good such as sugar to Britain
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Slave Life
Captured In Africa
The African middlemen acquired slaves many miles from the coast, could’ve been criminals or kidnapped
This meant selling on to Europeans meant along hard journey on foot, where slaves were barefoot and bound together at the neck
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At first, Europeans would go ashore to kidnap as many Africans they could find
Slave Factories
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The enslaved might be imprisoned for several months, waiting to be put on slave ships
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Estimated that in the 1770’s, 45% of enslaved Africans died waiting for ships
Previous African Slavery
Slavery wasn’t new to Africa - since Egyptian, Greek and Roman times (not the same slavery as in the Caribbean)
Slavery was sometimes used as a punishment for a crime, as well as POW’s were enslaved rather than being killed
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Most slaves were POWs, but now raiding parties were used to feed demand
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The Middle Passage
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Conditions on board
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Latrine buckets were too small, emptied only once a day, and were placed in bad positions
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Every slave was dis-oriented, no idea where they were going
They spelt, urinated, dedicated, gave birth, went insane and died all in the same position
Hot, stuffy, terrible smell
Daily Routine
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On deck they would clean, exercise (through dancing) and be inspected
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Disease
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Would spread quickly around the ship, even worse when bad weather occurred and the slaves were kept below deck
eg. dysentyr, dropsy, scarlet fever and smallpox
Crew
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Only the most desperate, ignorant or those need of paying off debt signed up
Deaths were high, as catching disease was easy
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Selling of Slaves
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Listed by age, sex, numbers and where they were from
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Shaved, washed and oiled to make them look healthy
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Scramble auction - set price, run and grab your slave
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Slave Punishments
Whipping was the most common, either one off or once a month for the whole year
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All punishments endure fear, which prevents rebellion and made you work