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Teaching Phonics to Children (Phonics (Understanding sounds in written…
Teaching Phonics to Children
Phonological Awareness
Stages
Realises that language is composed of words
Hears syllables in words
Separates syllables
Identifies rhyming words
Creates rhyming words
Recognises words beginning with the same alphabet sound
Recognises & matches ending sounds in words
Blend sounds into words
Creates words by substituting or moving sounds
Skills that are predictive of a child's ease to read
Develops in stages, begins @ 3
Phonemic Awareness
The awareness that every spoken word is made up of: sequenced phonemes & sounds
The ability to segment a word into its sounds
Children learn to notice & manipulate sounds of oral language
Difficult concept for children as there are "no meaning in phonemes" - abstract language units
Requires children to move from meaning of words to linguistic features of speech
Not discrete units in speech
Activities
Sing songs, chant rhymes, word play, read books
When teaching phonemic awareness:
Developmentally appropriate
Activities should be planned & purposeful
Integrated into other components of a balanced literacy programme
Stages in phonological & phonemic Awareness
Nursery Level
Enjoy songs, stories, rhymes & fingerplay
Recognise their names & rhymes
Kindergarten Level
Aware of sound/ symbol relations
Blend phonemes & syllables
Speech
Composed of a series of individual sounds
Foundation for phonics & spelling
As students learn to manipulate sounds orally, they learn to blend (combine sounds) & segment (separate sounds)
Phonics
Understanding sounds in written words
Children need to recognise sounds & blend & combine sounds in order to decode words
Constant diagraphs & blend
Short & Long vowels
R-Controlled vowels aka 'Bossy R'
Silent 'e'
Spelling
Children learn to segment spoken words into sounds & convert the sounds into letters to spell words
Invented spelling: children invent a system of spelling that follows logical & predictable rules
Phonics play a crucial role
Teacher's Role in Encouraging Spelling
Encourage children & trust that their spelling will evolve
Help children sound out phonemes as they spell
Pen down translations on tasks containing invented spelling
Stages of invented Spelling
1) Spelling Awareness
Letters represent words
Eg: C (see) U (you)
2) Primitive Spelling
No relationship between spelling & words
Eg: tsolf... DO
3) Prephonetic Spelling
Awareness of initial & final consonants
Eg: KT (cat)
4) Phonetic Spelling
Matching symbols & sounds
Eg: SUM (some) LIK (like)
5) Correct Spelling
understanding the use of vowels & phonic rules