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carbohydrates (disaccharides (maltose (2 glucose monomers
has reducing…
carbohydrates
disaccharides
maltose
- 2 glucose monomers
- has reducing property
- anomeric carbon is present
- shows mutarotation
lactose
- made of D-Glucose and D-Galactose
- dextrorotatory
- has reducing property
- can be found by Fearon's Test: intense red colour
sucrose
- table sugar
- D-Glucose and D-Fructose
- does not have reducing properties
- does not exhibit mutarotation
- dextrorotatory, but hydrolytic products are levorotatory
-
polysaccharides
homopolysaccharides
starch
amylose
- soluble in water
- gives blue colour with dilute iodine solution
- unbranched
- 1,4-glycosidic linkages
- helix shaped
amylopectin
- insoluble in water
- similar structure to glycogen
- gives reddish-violet colour with iodine solution
- 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic linkages
glycogen
- deposited in liver and muscle cells
- dextrorotatory
- not readily soluble in water
- not destroyed by hot, strong KOH or NaOH
- gives deep-red colour when reacted with Iodine
inulin
- made of D-fructose
- levorotatory
- cannot be digested in humans
cellulose
- insoluble
- not digested by humans
- adds bulk to feces
dextrins
- formed by partial acid hydrolysis of starch
- used as mucilages
- used in infant feeding
dextrans
- used as plasma expander by increasing blood volume
- made of D-Glucose molecules
- has 1,6, 1,4 and 1,3 glycosidic linkages
agar
- made of repeated galactose units
- used as laxative
- used for agar plate
-
monosaccharides
carbon atom number
-
-
-
hexoses
D-glucose
- chief sugar found in blood
- used for energy (ATP synthesis)
- stored as glycogen in the liver
D-galactose
- dextrorotatory
- epimer of glucose
- mucic acid produced on oxidation with hot HNO3
- shows mutarotation
-
-
Sedoheptulose
- intermediate of HMP shunt
-
oligosaccharides
- found in integral membrane proteins
- antibodies
- coagulation factors
rich in information and is functionally important