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Roles and relationships between partners (Functionalism (Parsons division…
Roles and relationships between partners
Intro
Change in conjugal roles, men and women marriage last 50 years shift from segregated conjugal roles husband and wives separate kinds of work and operate leisure activities, paid work, share unpaid work. Not all sociologists agree roles and relationships in family changes significantly
Functionalism
Parsons
division of roles men and women necessary, expressive (mother psychological and emotional, socialising children, stabilising adult personalities) instrumental (father income for family) biological view also
Symmetry and democratisation of gender roles
1960+ trend towards breakdown segregated conjugal roles and shift joint roles.
Young & Willmott (1973)
conjugal roles necessary/functional. Historical march towards equality
Feminism
Question Parsons, segregated roles functional both men and women.
Oakley (1974)
Radical feminism, gender roles organised by families reflect patriarchal nature of traditional family men exercise power.
Marxist
taking up unpaid work in family women look after mens need also serve needs of capitalism. Family dark side ignored by functionalism, symmetrical family. Domestic violence and child abuse. Families patriarchal more mundane way
Marxism
little research on gender roles in family, shaped by needs of capitalism.
Fulfilling personal relationships impossible in capitalist society due materialism. consumption and need workers earn living through wage labour, unpaid work benefit capitalist class as much family members
Postmodernist
Genrealisations nature of roles and relationships in family, diverse nature families , family members create their own family practises, negotiate which roles work best for them
Conventional sociologist research has focused too much on roles and relationships in traditional nuclear generalised to other types of family
Domestic division of labour
Feminists pointed way work gendered. women increasingly participate in paid employment but earn less than men, many work PT order allow time for family. Men occasionally tasks, task at home between famliy members.
Feminists:
rise employment of women not liberated women, now face dual burden working and housework
Constraints on women choice
women right vote paid equally with men. women in work place, society made few adjustments, maternity leave, PT jobs 200,000 in 2007
Survey Research
Quantitative research measure extend men and women participate in domestic labour. Estimate how much work each,
Park et al (2012)
Time budget research
reliable method estimate involves diaries, daily record how much time spent different activities.
Gernshuny (1999)
process lagged adaptation women roles changed quicker men. women enter workforce men slower adapt
Hakim
Alternative perspective of domestic labour
VS
feminism constantly complaining that men not doing fair share of domestic work
Social Class
Man Yes Kann
Ethnicity
Berthound
Sexuality
gay and lesbian couples more likely have shared roles and responsibilities, rejecting heterosexual norms of traditional nuclear families
Weeks (1999) Dunne (1997)
Age
Divisions of labour vary generations, most suggest young adopt equal roles, couples settle down and children women take on greater burden and domestic work
Power in family relationships
Functionalists not see division of roles family based on inequality. Parsons work suggest men and women equal complimentary roles. Feminists: men exercise power in heterosexual family relationships, traditionally gendered roles major social inequality
Family Finances
power relationships in families how couples manage money
Phal (2005)
men and women likely each have own bank accounts take responsibility paying for different things. Individualised finances put women disadvantage