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Lecture 1: What is History? (Positivism (Leopold von Ranke) (Explain…
Lecture 1:
What is History?
Discussion, argument
without end
Still influences or thinking about
the structure of the world
Williams: "History is the study
of change over time in the past.
The past may be over, but its
history itself changes over time"
We continuously come up
with new interpretations of history
Positivism
(Leopold von Ranke)
Explain past as it really was
Scientific approach
Reliance on sources
Putting self in position
of a participant
Recreate the historical process
Idealism
Focus on ideas,
historical experience
Intuition and empathy
History is both
an art and a science
Historiography is
the history of history,
how history has been
described in history
E.g. cold war
Traditional:
Ideological struggle
Revisionist: global conflict,
expansionist USA vs. defensive USSR
Post-revisionist:
Action/reaction
Transnational history:
Experiences that cross
the border of nation states
Big history:
Larger history of humankind
World History:
Larger history
of Humankind
Global history:
Focus on long term
processes and interaction,
multi-centered nature of modernity,
linking distant experiences, telling an
integrated story (human web)