Global impact of superpowers
Different IGOs
World Bank
IMF
WEF
WTO
Makes development loans to developing countries, promoting exports and developed world TNCs
Promotes global security and stability, and assists countries to reform their economies
A Swiss non-profit organisation that promotes globalisation and free trade
Regulates global trade, promoting open trade and reducing protectionism
TNCs and their roles
Come in 2 forms
A TNC is successful if...
Publicly traded = whose share are from numerous stakeholders
State-owned = majority is owned by government
Economies of scale
Bank balances and ability to borrow money
Ability to open up new markets and to expand
Innovation & Patents
Types of IP law:
The domination of global royalties reflects
Patents = for new inventions and technology
Copyright = for artistic work
Trademarks = to protect designed logos
Superpowers are paid for their inventions
Developed TNCs in best position for R&D
Education levels are higher
Westernisation and globalisation tend to spread with traits
International Decision Making
Military
Economic
Political / Military
UN security Council
Maintaining international peace and security
Permenant members are USA, UK, Russia & China
Permenant members can veto a decision
NATO
ANZUS
Mutual defence agreement
Naval and air bases spread across the world
Created a treaty ending the Balkans war
Military alliance in the Asia-Pacific regions
Recognised increased military threat of China in China sea
Military presence acts as a deterrent to conflict
NAFTA
TNCs like Bombardier can benefit from bloc with cheap labour & infastructure
Agreement can be biased to rich countries
Providing region wide infastructure
Reasons for increased demand 4 resources
Environmental impacts of emerging countries
Economic growth of superpowers
Population growth
Rising 'middle class'
Driven by economic & social development
Local scale
Global scale
Rising sea levels
Climate change
Drought
Air pollution
Water pollution
Landscape scarring from mining
Land degradation & deforestation
Reducing carbon emissions
1997 Kyoto Agreement
2015 Paris agreement
Set reduction in CO2 emissions
Ommited emerging countries because they weren't a problem
Aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to close to 0
195 countries signed up