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CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (Etiology (RV failure (caused by (LV failure, RV…
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Etiology
heart's ability to pump blood does not meet body's metabolic needs
impaired contractility of LV
CAD
MI
dilated cardiomyopathy
valvular heart disease
hypertension
RV failure
caused by
LV failure
RV infarction
pulmonary hypertension
tricuspid regurgitation
Signs and symptoms
advanced disease
fluid retention
pulmonary congestion
dyspnea
orthopnea
proximal dyspnea
fatigue
chest pain or pressure
palpitations
if RV involved
jugular venous distention
peripheral edema
hepatomegaly
ascites
Pathophysiology of pulmonary edema
interstitial edema
alveolar flooding
increased surface tension of alveolar fluids
alveolar shrinkage and atelectasis
frothy white or pink secretions
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
left sided heart failure, CHF
NON Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
fluid can readily flow from the pulmonary capillaries into alveoli
increased capillary permeability
lymphatic insufficiency
decreased intrapleural pressure
decreased oncotic pressure
Diagnostic Tests
Blood work
serum electrolytes
BUN and creatinine (renal)
BNP
Chest X-ray
cardiomegaly
pulmonary vascular congestion
Kerly B lines
pleural effusion
ECG
echocardiogram
Differential diagnosis
kidney disease
pneumonia
emphysema
pulmonary embolism
Respiratory management
O2 therapy
bronchopulmonary hygiene therapy
lung expansion therapy
mechanical ventilation
aerosolized medication
CPAP/BiPap
LISA STEVENSON