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Errors: bias and sampling (Three reasons for bias (sample frame (ppl that…
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Survey answers: experiences, opinions, characetristics
Bias and sampling error not related: when there is bias you can still have consistent and stable estimates (little sampling error) #
All results in overestimating #
what is being measured?
- objective facts: accurately measured
- subjective states --> errors
Validity: relationship xi and ti,
ei should be small
xi = ti + ei #