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How does pressure on resources affect the future security of places?…

- - - - The level of water stress is a ratio that rates countries from 0 to 5: the higher the number, the higher the water stress. The ratio compares total withdrawals to total available renewable supply on an annual basis (demand/supply).
      - If the countries do not have appropriate water-management plans in place then a slight fall in supply or an increase in demand will cause major problems to all sectors (food, energy and domestic).
      - Singapore, a densely populated island in South-east Asia, has no freshwater lakes or aquifers and has a baseline water stress level of 5. However, the government has invested in technology, international agreements and appropriate management strategies to ensure water security for its people.
- - - - Over 70% of the population is undernourished (food-insecure).
      - It is landlocked and that slows economic growth by 6% due to higher transport costs for exports and imports.
      - Over 50% of the people are living below the poverty line and 35% are unemployed.
      - Food insecurity results from overpopulation, soil degradation, climate change, high food prices and civil war.
      - Civil war has caused many people to become internally displaced: people with no land can’t grow their own food.
      - The country has a trade deficit of over US$500 million.
    - - 40% of the population has access to less than 6% of the income whereas 2% control 26% of it.
      - 38% of the people are food-insecure.
      - On average 77% of the people live below the poverty line in rural areas that rises to 88%.
      - Only 10% of the rural population has access to electricity and 8% to safe drinking water.
      - 50% of the countries food must be imported and global prices have been rising.
      - Agricultural productivity is low and land is being lost to urban expansion.
      - Most farms are less than 1 hectare in size and 80% of the farms do not produce enough food for the family.
      - Climate-related disasters such as flood and hurricanes are common.
      - In January 2010 the country was hit by a magnitude 7 earthquake, which killed 220,000 people and displaced millions.
      - A cholera outbreak followed the earthquake in October 2010.
- - - - In Sierra Leone, more than a decade after a civil war ended (in 2002), only 5% of the population had access to electricity. In rural areas, this figure was just 1%.
      - Unlike food and water insecurity, energy insecurity also strikes HICs, such as the G7 nations. The only G7 nation not at high energy security risk is Canada and that is due to the fact that Canada has abundant energy resources along with a wealth of energy expertise, science and technology.
      - On the other hand, Japan is considered to be high risk due to the 2011 earthquake and tsunami that caused the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident. As discussed above, this severely damaged Japan’s ability to generate energy. Since then the country has switched to solar energy and is now the world’s fourth largest user of solar energy.