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Part 2: Police (Contemporary issues and challenges (patrol functions…

- - - - culture change
      - internal affairs
      - civilian review
      - accreditation
      - possible lawsuits
  - - - preventative patrol
      - hot spots
      - foot versus motorized patrol
      - aggressive patrol
      - community policing
      - private policing
        
        contract models
        
        department
        
        officer
        
        union brokerage
- - - - consent (US v. Drayton)
      - incident to unlawful arrest (Chimel v. California)
      - without warrant (terry v. Ohio)
      - with warrant
  - - - exceptions to exclusionary rule
        
        "good faith" exception: US v. Lean
        
        "inevitable discovery" Nix v. Williams
- - - - danger
      - implicit bias
      - authority
      - morality
      - isolation
      - stress
      - police wellness
  - - - four divisions and bureaus
        
        administrative division
        
        operation bureau
        
        patrol units
        
        special operations bureaus
        
        narcotics
        
        crime scene investigators
        
        property crimes
        
        headquarters under the chief of police
- - - - Limited authority
      - local control
      - fragmented organization
      - frankpledge
        
        tithing
    - - colonial era/early US
        
        watch system
        
        north: patrol of high populated areas
        
        south: slave patrols
      - Political Era (1842-1920) (corruption)
        
        close ties between police and local political leaders
        
        pay offs
        
        sheriff
        
        US Marshals
      - professional era (1920-1970) (merit)
        
        progressive movement
        
        professional policing (6 elements)
      - community era (1970 to present) CP P-OP
        
        focus toward keeping order and providing services
        
        noteworthy research: 3
        
        three new assumptions
        
        community policing
        
        problem oriented policing
        
        COPS:
      - new era?
        
        evidence based policing
        
        intelligence led policing
    - - created London police force
      - four part mandate
        
        to prevent crime
        
        to maintain public order
        
        to reduce conflict between police and public
        
        to show efficiency through absence of crime and dissorder
  - - - Federal Bureau of Investigation
      - Drug enforcement Agency (DEA)
      - US Marshals Service
      - Bureau of Alcohol, tobacco, firearms and explosives (ATF)
      - department of homeland security
      - secret service
      - transportation security administration
      - internal revenue service
      - national parks service
    - - highway partol
      - state police
      - focus on areas without police
        
        major roadways
        
        drug interdiction
    - - county level
        
        sheriff departments
        
        police function in rural areas
        
        operate jails
      - municipal
        
        police function within city area
    - - native American tribal police
      - college campuses
      - county parks
      - department of natural resources