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Casey (Sample (59 (23 males, 36 females) participants agreed to…
Casey
Sample
59 (23 males, 36 females) participants agreed to participate. They were classified as low or high delayers from the results of their delay of gratification performance and the self control measures
There were 32 high delayers (12 male, 20 female) and 27 low delayers (11 male, 16 female)
sample background: 562, 4 year olds tested in late 60's early 70's
Procedure
Participants completed two versions of the go/no go task: The cool task consisted of male and female stimuli. The hot task consisted of happy and fearful facial expressions as the stimuli.
Before the onset of each run, a screen appeared indicating which stimulus category served as the target. Instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible. Each face appeared 500ms, total of 160 trials were presented per run
Data collection: Accuracy and response latency data (reaction times) were measured in 4 runs.
The tasks were presented using programmed laptop computers sent to participants home.
Research method
IV: Whether the participant was a high delayer or a low delayer
DV: The performance on the impulse control task
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Overall Conclusions
Sensitivity to environmental hot cues plays a significant role in an individuals ability to suppress actions toward alluring cues. The more tempting the choice for the individual, the less likely a 'low delayer' is to resist temptation.
Resisting temptation is supported by differences in brain activity. The inferior frontal gyrus showing less activation in low delayers and the ventral striatum showing greater activity in low delayers when resisting alluring cues.
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Aim
aimed to investigate impulse control at both behavioural level (press button) and neural levels using fMRI
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To build on previous research to assess whether delay of gratification in childhood predicts impulse control abilities when participants were in their 40s
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Procedure
1) Completed a similar hot version of go/no go task, differences were in timing, no. of trials and apparatus
2) Each face stimulus was presented for 500ms, followed by interval mean 5.2s
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Findings
Low delayers made more errors than high delayers on the no-go trials (14.5%/10.9%), but not significant
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There was no difference between high and low delayers in terms of reaction time on the correct go trials
Imaging results
Right Inferior frontal gyrus
-The right inferior frontal gyrus was involved in accurately resisting a response.
-Low delayers had reduced activity of the inferior frontal gyrus for "no-go" trials
Ventral Striatum:
-The ventral striatum demonstrated significant difference in activity between high and low delayers
-Low delayers had higher activity on happy "no-go" trials compared to high delayers
-The ventral striatum showed exaggerated activity in low delayers.
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Findings
There was no significant differences between high and low delayers in terms of reaction time on correct go trials
There was no difference in the accuracy on all of the go task between hot n cool conditions (cool-99.8%, hot-99.5%)
Procedure
Each participant did 4 runs:
1) go for male no-go female
2) go for female no-go for male
3) go for happy no-go for fearful
4) go for fearful no-go for happy
Sample
27 (13 males, 14 females) but one man was excluded so results based on 26 participants. 15 high delayers (5m,10f) and 11 low delayers (7m,4f)
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