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The Respiratory System (Pulmonary volumes: (Tidal volume: TV Amount of…

- - - - Two on either side:
        
        Frontal
        
        Ethmoid
        
        Maxillary
        
        Sphenoid
        Function: Lined with pseudostratifled ciliated columnar epithelium, which sweeps mucus toward ducts that connect with the nasal cavity
      - Pharynx:
        
        3 parts:
        
        Nasopharynx: contains Eustachian tubes that connect to the middle ear to equalize the air pressure on either side of the ear drum. Contains lymph tissue called the adenoid, that aid in fighting infection
        
        Oropharynx: Posterior to oral cavity, contains palatine & lingual tonsils that are also lymph tissue that aid in fighting infection.
        
        Laryngopharynx: Inferior to oropharynx
        
        Larynx:
        
        Several cartilages involved:
        
        Thyroid: Largest cartilage, shaped like a shield. Connected to the epiglottis which closes over the glottis when swallowing to prevent food/ liquid from entering the trachea
        
        Glottis: Space between the vocal cords
        
        Cricoid: Inferior to the thyroid cartilage
        
        Paired cartilage: Arytenoid, corniculate, & cuneiform
        
        Vocal folds: True vocal cords, responsible for sound
        
        Vestibular folds: False vocal cords, protect the vocal cords
        
        Trachea:
        
        "The windpipe"
        
        Tracheal cartilage: c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage to support the trachea.
        
        Carina: Contains sensitive sensory receptors that makes us cough when irritated.
        
        Tissues of the trachea:
        Inner to outermost:
        
        Mucosa: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, goblet cells
        
        Submucosa: areolar connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, serous & mucous glands.
        
        Tracheal cartilage
        
        Adventitia: elastic connective tisse
        
        Lungs:
        
        Right lung has 3 lobes
        
        Left lung has two lobes
        
        Lie on either side of the mediastinum of the the thoracic cavity in the pleural cavity
        
        Visceral pleura covers the surface the lungs
        
        Parietal pleura lines the pleural cavity
        
        Bronchial Tree:
        
        The trachea splits into R/L main bronchi
        
        R/L main bronchi split into:
        
        Lobar (secondary) bronchi extend into each lobe of the lungs, divides into:
        
        Segmental (tertiary) bronchi , which divide into:
        
        Terminal bronchioles: last part of the air projection, which lead to:
        
        Respiratory bronchioles: the beginning of the respiratory zone
        
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