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The Earth's Surface (The earths surface (Crust, Mantle, Inner core,…
The Earth's Surface
The earths surface
Crust
Mantle
Inner core
Outer core
The plates of the earth's crust
The earths crust is made up of plates
The plates float on heavy semi-molten rock and they move by convection currents beneath them
They cause continental drift
Effects of moving plates
Fold mountains
Volcanoes
Positive effects
New land is created for farming and living space e.g. Iceland
Lava soils are rich in minerals. Lava soils grow the finest coffee in the world
In Iceland, hot springs called geysers are used to heat glasshouses for the production of food
Dormant or extinct volcanoes are major centres of tourism
Minerals are created by volcanic activity
Negative effects
When snow-capped volcanic peaks erupt, large mud flows are created, which often cover villages and towns
Gases from volcanoes may kill people who live nearby
Ash and lava flows may cover and burn towns, causing death
Giant tidal wave created by volcanoes at sea. When they reach land they kill thousands of people, especially in low-lying land such as deltas
Earthquakes
Damaged caused
Buildings crumble; cracks appear in the walls and ceilings
Bridges and flyovers collapse, often causing death
Railways line twist
Sewers burst. Escaping sewage may cause disease
Gas mains crack or explode, causing death and burns to people
Landslides occur on steep slopes, crushing houses and people and huge clouds of dust rise into the air