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FUN8: INFECTION + DISEASE (Viruses (Viral defence mechanisms (degrading…
FUN8: INFECTION + DISEASE
Infectious agents classes
bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions
Parasites
uni/multicellular
plasmodium falciparum (malaria)
trypanosomes
Bacteria types
cocci, spira, rods, spirochetes
gram +ve
staph
takes up (purple) stain
thick cell wall composed of peptidoglycan layers
easy antibiotic entry
gram -ve
E coli
doesn't take up stain
lipid bilayer
antibiotics must be small + soluble
Cell Wall
synthesis...
sugar chains (NAG + NAM) link together via peptides, which are joined by transpeptidases
Autolysins break cell wall so new monomers can be inserted
Viruses
DNA/RNA
covered by nucleoprotein
all are obligate
can only replicate inside host
haemorrhagic fever viruses
cause bleeding disorders
ebola, marburg, west nile
surrounded by lipid envelope
RNA viruses use reverse transcriptase to covert RNA to DNA for replication
ss or ds
Integrate viruses become part of your genetic makeup
e.g. cold sores
Viral defence mechanisms
degrading enzymes
target mutations
reduced permeability
xenobiotic pumps
overuse of antibiotics ---> resistance
antimicrobial management --> better outcome