Countering xenophobia:
Local integration:
contribution to the community’s economic development through a bond to community,
with state-level support
legal concessions
economic progress
social and cultural adjustment
granting refugees basic rights and a status that is progressively closer to that which the State assures its citizens
access to chief public services such as health care and education
right of entry to
the labor market
Job solution strategy
the capacity to acquire and sell possessions
have a permanent residency status/state's citizenship
stimulate self-reliance of the refugees
promoting integration in the local labor market
facilitating land access in rural areas
recognizing equivalence of academic or professional diplomas
the concession of legal rights that enable
refugees to provide for themselves without outside assistance
an environment of tolerance, non-discrimination, and diversity
Uganda and Zambia's case
contribute to the development of the host country, forming a positive cycle
the public's opinion
creating a sense of belonging
Preliminary conditions before local integration
involvement and cooperation of the host government
adequate foreign aid
receptiveness of the host population
an economic context that allows for the refugees to be self-reliant
the complete legal integration of the refugees into the society
refugees share a language, culture or an ethnic origin with the host community
consider refugee perspectives and opinions: resettle or return
Resettlement: the strategic use
the capacity of resettled refugees to integrate
in the host country
adapt to the life, culture and socioeconomic structures of the host country
a minimum level of education
the prospect of resettlement sometimes incites refugees to renounce voluntary repatriation
creating tension between refugees and UNHCR
within refugee committee
Repatriation:
the stabilization of
a post-conflict country
non-refoulement principle
the refugee populations should neither fear persecution, nor be refoulés
whtat's the line between promoting repatriation and refoulement.
how to establish ‘fear of persecution’ quantitatively amongst refugee populations
objective determinants: is there an elected government in place? Has the violence subsided?
the level of apprehension within the group
the timing of repatriation(cessation clause)
refugees have voluntarily re-availed himself of the protection of
the country of his nationality
the circumstances in which he was recognized as a refugee cease to exist
the indicator of completed repatriation: political tension or cessation clause
the re-integration in original states
the disappearance of differences in legal
rights and duties between returnees and their compatriot
Repatriation, Reintegration, Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction
reintegration: Quick Implementation Projects
rehabilitation: finding livelihoods for combatants in refugee camps
be applied once the situation in the home country is stable
objective assessment: whether violence has subsided,
if there is a democratically elected government that has established authority over all regions of the country
include refugee's voices
encourage integration to those individuals who have developed solid economic ties to their host country,
to facilitate rehabilitation for former combatants,
repatriate those who are truly ready to return home