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leading and managing people(management) (classical writers (Henri Fayol…
leading and managing people(management)
classical writers
Henri Fayol-five functions of management
commanding: giving instructions to subordinates to carry out tasks, for which the manager has authority and responsibility
co-ordinating: homonising the goals and activities of individuals and groups within the organisation
organising: establishing a structure of tasks which need to be performed to achieve the goals to the organisation; grouping these tasks into jobs for individuals or teams
controlling: measuring and correcting the activities of individuals and groups, to ensure that the performance is accordance with plans
planning: this involves determining objectives, and strategies, policies, programmed and procedures for achieving those objectives, for the organisation and its sub-units
F W Taylor-scientific management:1 application of techniques in planning and control(micro-designed jobs) 2 scientific and progressive development of workers(planning and doing are separated)3 constant cooperation between management and workers(pay is the only incentive)
Elton Mayo-human relations: people are motivated by a variety of psychological needs, including social or "belonging" needs/the Hawthorne study/ worker attitudes & group relationships
Neo-human relations: focuses on a wider needs such as the need for challenge, responsibility and personal development
limitations: ignore economic issues(there is no proven link between job satisfaction and motivation)
Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory
modern writers
Peter Drucker- the management process
it emphasizes the economic objective of managers in business
management tasks: managing a business; managing managers; managing worker and work
management processes: setting objectives; organizing work; motivating and communicating employees; job measurement; developing people
Mintzberg-the manager's role
informational: monitor(receiving information from subordinates, superiors and peers)/ spokesperson(providing information to interested parties) /dissemination(disseminating information to subordinates
decisional: entrepreneur(helping departments react to changes)/disturbance handler(taking decisions when there is deviation)/resource allocator(distribute resources to achieve objectives)/negotiator( negotiate both inside and outside the organisation
interpersonal: figurehead( representing the company)/leader(hiring, firing, coordinating employees)/liaison(contact with peers)